80 años de los bombardeos de Dresde: una tormenta de fuego arrasa la «Florencia del Elba»

{"id":2642,"id_simpleblog_post":"2642","id_simpleblog_category":"66","id_simpleblog_post_type":"1","id_simpleblog_author":"0","author":"Miguel \u00c1ngel Santamarina","author_url":"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/988420-miguel-angel-santamarina","likes":"0","views":"2550","allow_comments":"2","is_featured":"1","access":"a:6:{i:1;b:1;i:2;b:1;i:3;b:1;i:4;b:0;i:5;b:0;i:6;b:0;}","cover":"jpg","featured":"jpg","id_product":"363440,363417","id_category_tematica":"57,62,116107,116110,980738","id_category_autor":"988420","id_category_editorial":"11379","id_event":"0","active":"1","title":"80 a\u00f1os de los bombardeos de Dresde: una tormenta de fuego arrasa la \u00abFlorencia del Elba\u00bb","meta_title":"80 a\u00f1os de los bombardeos de Dresde: una tormenta de fuego arrasa la \u00abFlorencia del Elba\u00bb","meta_description":"Cuando se cumplen 80 a\u00f1os de los ataques a la joya cultural de Alemania, en LENGUA publicamos un extracto de \u00abLa guerra que cambi\u00f3 el mundo\u00bb (Ediciones B), del periodista Miguel Santamarina, un texto en el que se narran aquellos terror\u00edficos episodios.","meta_keywords":"Cuando se cumplen 80 a\u00f1os de los ataques a la joya cultural de Alemania, en LENGUA publicamos un extracto de \u00abLa guerra que cambi\u00f3 el mundo\u00bb (Ediciones B), del periodista Miguel Santamarina, un texto en el que se narran aquellos terror\u00edficos episodios.","short_content":"<p>Entre el 13 y el 15 de febrero de 1945, Dresde, por entonces la gran joya cultural de Alemania, descendi\u00f3 a su particular infierno de fuego, caos y terror. En una de las incursiones a\u00e9reas m\u00e1s devastadoras de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la ciudad fue bombardeada por la fuerza a\u00e9rea aliada, la cual ten\u00eda como objetivo el desmantelamiento de la maquinaria de guerra nazi. La ofensiva, ejecutada principalmente por aviones brit\u00e1nicos y estadounidenses, que dejaron caer sobre la \u00abFlorencia del Elba\u00bb cerca de 4.000 toneladas de bombas altamente explosivas, dej\u00f3 en ruinas una ciudad que devendr\u00eda en s\u00edmbolo del sufrimiento humano: la tormenta de fuego desencadenada, la cual inciner\u00f3 a miles de personas, permanece como un eco sombr\u00edo de la tragedia, de la destrucci\u00f3n y del sinsentido de la guerra. Cuando se cumplen 80 a\u00f1os de los ataques, en LENGUA publicamos un texto en el que se narran aquellos terror\u00edficos episodios: el extracto que sigue forma parte de \u00abLa guerra que cambi\u00f3 el mundo. Efem\u00e9rides de la Segunda Guerra Mundial\u00bb (Ediciones B, febrero de 2025), libro del periodista cultural Miguel Santamarina, quien ofrece aqu\u00ed una detallada cronolog\u00eda de los momentos que marcaron un antes y un despu\u00e9s en el trascurso del mayor conflicto b\u00e9lico vivido por la humanidad, una guerra que todav\u00eda retumba en nuestros 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Aunque esta declaraci\u00f3n, promovida por iniciativa del zar Alejandro II de Rusia, no fue ratificada por los quince pa\u00edses participantes, en la capital de B\u00e9lgica se sentaron las bases para definir las leyes y costumbres durante las guerras. A principios del siglo xx se realizaron m\u00e1s reuniones para establecer c\u00f3mo defender el patrimonio de las ciudades atacadas. Una de las medidas propuestas fue se\u00f1alizar por los sitiados los edificios que no pod\u00edan ser bombardeados. Durante la <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/libros-de-historia\/18885-ebook-1914-1918-historia-de-la-primera-guerra-mundial-9788499923987\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Primera Guerra Mundial<\/a><\/span> no se respetaron estas normas. Por ese motivo, en los a\u00f1os siguientes se restringieron los ataques a objetivos exclusivamente militares. 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finales de 1944 el ej\u00e9rcito nazi comenzaba a resquebrajarse en casi todos los frentes abiertos. Muchas tropas comenzaban a replegarse hacia Berl\u00edn, empujadas por <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/svetlana-alexievich-premio-nobel-literatura\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">el imparable avance del Ej\u00e9rcito Rojo<\/a><\/span> y las fuerzas aliadas. Para preparar el definitivo asalto al coraz\u00f3n de Alemania, los pa\u00edses participantes en la <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conferencia_de_Yalta\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Conferencia de Yalta<\/a><\/span> \u2014Gran Breta\u00f1a, <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/la-invasion-rusa\/victoria-belim-mi-ucrania-urss-euromaidan-rusia\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">la URSS<\/a><\/span> y Estados Unidos\u2014 decidieron realizar una campa\u00f1a a\u00e9rea para evitar el reagrupamiento de las divisiones germanas y romper la cadena de suministro. Tres ciudades eran los objetivos de esa acci\u00f3n militar: Leipzig, Berl\u00edn y Dresde. Esta \u00faltima era vital para el transporte de las tropas y de los prisioneros que eran enviados a los diferentes campos de exterminio. Su bombardeo fue justificado por los aliados debido a su inter\u00e9s estrat\u00e9gico, aunque seg\u00fan algunos historiadores fue un castigo desproporcionado que se podr\u00eda haber evitado.\u00a0<\/p><p>Sobre la ciudad de Dresde cayeron cuatro mil toneladas de explosivos que elevaron la temperatura de los lugares m\u00e1s castigados hasta los mil grados. La capital de Sajonia fue destruida por las bombas de los aviones brit\u00e1nicos y norteamericanos siguiendo el plan del mariscal de la RAF Arthur Harris. Se estima que durante el ataque murieron m\u00e1s de veinticinco mil civiles, aunque en su momento el Ministerio de Propaganda de <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguin.co.uk\/books\/403057\/goebbels-by-longerich-peter\/9780099523697\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Joseph Goebbels<\/a><\/span> elev\u00f3 la cifra hasta los doscientos mil fallecidos. La conocida como \u00abFlorencia del norte\u00bb qued\u00f3 reducida a escombros, quince kil\u00f3metros cuadrados de la ciudad fueron destruidos, as\u00ed como su zona industrial. Seg\u00fan se fueron conociendo los detalles de la masacre, medios de comunicaci\u00f3n e intelectuales del Reino Unido comenzaron a cuestionar la finalidad del ataque. El bombardeo de Dresde lleg\u00f3 a la C\u00e1mara de los Comunes y <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/4807-winston-churchill?srsltid=AfmBOoq2hxYtfDueKB-ZefI3H6GMcWKPwcpiPbCDWSlVt6DOr8ZhhgbK\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Winston Churchill<\/span><\/a> decidi\u00f3 no repetir la estrategia de <em>Terror Bombing<\/em>.\u00a0<\/p><p>Tuvieron que pasar setenta y siete a\u00f1os para que el Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas aprobara por unanimidad la Resoluci\u00f3n 2347. Esta normativa est\u00e1 centrada exclusivamente en el respeto al patrimonio cultural. Desgraciadamente, en el siglo XXI los hospitales, las escuelas y los edificios civiles siguen siendo objetivos de las bombas \u2014en J\u00e1rkov, en Gaza\u2014, cada vez m\u00e1s sofisticadas, cada vez m\u00e1s letales.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"irhnz39\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><strong>OTROS\u00a0CONTENIDOS DE INTER\u00c9S:<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/auschwitz-simone-veil\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Auschwitz desde dentro: Simone Veil contra la desmemoria<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/la-nueve-campos-eliseos-liberacion-de-paris-nazismo\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">La Nueve en los Campos El\u00edseos: 80 a\u00f1os de la liberaci\u00f3n de Par\u00eds<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/batalla-de-normandia-dia-d-segunda-guerra-mundial\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">En la retaguardia nazi: la gesta de las tropas aerotransportadas en Normand\u00eda<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/futbol-boxeo-y-burdeles-en-los-campos-nazis\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">F\u00fatbol, boxeo y burdeles en los campos nazis<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/centenario-muerte-lenin-revolucion-rusa\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">\u00abGood Bye, Lenin!\u00bb: 100 a\u00f1os sin el alma de la Revoluci\u00f3n 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