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Garth Greenwell por Laura Fernández: el dolor físico como experiencia literaria

El protagonista, el narrador, el yo de la última novela de Garth Greenwell (Louisville, 47 años), «Lluvia pequeña» (Random House), está enfermo. No sabe qué le pasa, sólo sabe que algo le duele mucho. Soporta durante días, durante más de lo adecuado, un dolor indescriptible, esperando que se le pase, porque ¿acaso lo que tiene puede llegar a ser tan grave? Lo es. No vamos a desvelar qué tiene porque el ritmo trepidante, casi de «thriller», un «thriller» de puro pensamiento, puesto que el narrador apenas puede moverse, está siendo intervenido, todo el tiempo, su cuerpo es un campo de batalla, y el misterio de aquello que le ha apartado de la vida, y le ha colocado en ese limbo hospitalario desde el que ver su vida desde fuera, y a la vez, desde dentro, preguntándose qué sentido ha tenido todo, lo intensifica. Porque a la vez que pormenoriza los detalles de aquello que le hacen —los médicos, las enfermeras, tratan de devolverle lo que tenía, salud, ningún dolor, pero lo hacen en tanto mecanismo—, bucea en el pasado y el presente de ese yo interrumpido, preguntándose todo tipo de cosas, pero sobre todo, reflexionando sobre el papel que juega el arte en una situación así, y si ha tenido sentido consagrar su vida a la poesía, en particular y al arte en general, si en aquel momento no puede servirle de ninguna ayuda. ¿O sí? Greenwell parte de una situación real —él también pasó dos semanas en la UCI, por algo similar a lo que sufre el protagonista y narrador— para explorar todas las posibilidades de aquello que considera que la literatura no ha tratado lo suficiente: el dolor físico. «En la UCI experimenté cosas que me parecían interesantes, cosas que casi no había visto en la literatura. La textura de la existencia en la UCI es distinta. El tiempo se distorsiona. Se dan un tipo de relaciones que son las que más me interesan, relaciones asimétricas. Entre pacientes, y médicos y enfermeras. El hecho de que, como paciente, te está ocurriendo algo único, algo que te va a cambiar la vida, mientras para los médicos sólo está pasando otro día, inmersos en su rutina. Por no hablar de cómo se transforma la conciencia por el dolor, por el miedo, por las drogas. Todo eso me parecía interesante y, como bien recoge Virginia Woolf en su ensayo "Being Ill", casi no lo había visto en la literatura. Porque del dolor espiritual tenemos una literatura muy rica, pero del dolor físico, casi nada, aunque la enfermedad sea algo por lo que todos vamos a pasar. De hecho, si hay una experiencia humana universal es la enfermedad, y el dolor», relata el escritor, y no revela que en eso que ocurre por dentro del protagonista, también ocurre el mundo en el que ese protagonista ha nacido, y está inmerso, la crítica a todo aquello que no funciona como debería, y las muy pobladas capas de significado que cada movimiento vital supone para cualquiera, existencial y sentimentalmente. Algo que no podría haber ocurrido si no hubiesen aparecido las frases no rotas en su vida. ¿Que cómo aparecieron? Aún no lo sabe, pero sí sabe cuándo lo hicieron. Y está a punto de contárnoslo.

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Laura Fern\u00e1ndez ha hablado con el autor sobre enfermedad, literatura y vida.","meta_keywords":"En \u00abLluvia peque\u00f1a\u00bb (Random House), Garth Greenwell explora el dolor y el arte. Laura Fern\u00e1ndez ha hablado con el autor sobre enfermedad, literatura y vida.","short_content":"<p>El protagonista, el narrador, el yo de la \u00faltima novela de Garth Greenwell (Louisville, 47 a\u00f1os), \u00abLluvia peque\u00f1a\u00bb (Random House), est\u00e1 enfermo. No sabe qu\u00e9 le pasa, s\u00f3lo sabe que algo le duele mucho. Soporta durante d\u00edas, durante m\u00e1s de lo adecuado, un dolor indescriptible, esperando que se le pase, porque \u00bfacaso lo que tiene puede llegar a ser tan grave? Lo es. No vamos a desvelar qu\u00e9 tiene porque el ritmo trepidante, casi de \u00abthriller\u00bb, un \u00abthriller\u00bb de puro pensamiento, puesto que el narrador apenas puede moverse, est\u00e1 siendo intervenido, todo el tiempo, su cuerpo es un campo de batalla, y el misterio de aquello que le ha apartado de la vida, y le ha colocado en ese limbo hospitalario desde el que ver su vida desde fuera, y a la vez, desde dentro, pregunt\u00e1ndose qu\u00e9 sentido ha tenido todo, lo intensifica. Porque a la vez que pormenoriza los detalles de aquello que le hacen \u2014los m\u00e9dicos, las enfermeras, tratan de devolverle lo que ten\u00eda, salud, ning\u00fan dolor, pero lo hacen en tanto mecanismo\u2014, bucea en el pasado y el presente de ese yo interrumpido, pregunt\u00e1ndose todo tipo de cosas, pero sobre todo, reflexionando sobre el papel que juega el arte en una situaci\u00f3n as\u00ed, y si ha tenido sentido consagrar su vida a la poes\u00eda, en particular y al arte en general, si en aquel momento no puede servirle de ninguna ayuda. \u00bfO s\u00ed? Greenwell parte de una situaci\u00f3n real \u2014\u00e9l tambi\u00e9n pas\u00f3 dos semanas en la UCI, por algo similar a lo que sufre el protagonista y narrador\u2014 para explorar todas las posibilidades de aquello que considera que la literatura no ha tratado lo suficiente: el dolor f\u00edsico. \u00abEn la UCI experiment\u00e9 cosas que me parec\u00edan interesantes, cosas que casi no hab\u00eda visto en la literatura. La textura de la existencia en la UCI es distinta. El tiempo se distorsiona. Se dan un tipo de relaciones que son las que m\u00e1s me interesan, relaciones asim\u00e9tricas. Entre pacientes, y m\u00e9dicos y enfermeras. El hecho de que, como paciente, te est\u00e1 ocurriendo algo \u00fanico, algo que te va a cambiar la vida, mientras para los m\u00e9dicos s\u00f3lo est\u00e1 pasando otro d\u00eda, inmersos en su rutina. Por no hablar de c\u00f3mo se transforma la conciencia por el dolor, por el miedo, por las drogas. Todo eso me parec\u00eda interesante y, como bien recoge Virginia Woolf en su ensayo \"Being Ill\", casi no lo hab\u00eda visto en la literatura. Porque del dolor espiritual tenemos una literatura muy rica, pero del dolor f\u00edsico, casi nada, aunque la enfermedad sea algo por lo que todos vamos a pasar. De hecho, si hay una experiencia humana universal es la enfermedad, y el dolor\u00bb, relata el escritor, y no revela que en eso que ocurre por dentro del protagonista, tambi\u00e9n ocurre el mundo en el que ese protagonista ha nacido, y est\u00e1 inmerso, la cr\u00edtica a todo aquello que no funciona como deber\u00eda, y las muy pobladas capas de significado que cada movimiento vital supone para cualquiera, existencial y sentimentalmente. Algo que no podr\u00eda haber ocurrido si no hubiesen aparecido las frases no rotas en su vida. \u00bfQue c\u00f3mo aparecieron? A\u00fan no lo sabe, pero s\u00ed sabe cu\u00e1ndo lo hicieron. 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sabr\u00eda decir qu\u00e9 pas\u00f3. S\u00f3lo d\u00f3nde pas\u00f3. En Sof\u00eda, la capital de Bulgaria. Las frases simplemente aparecieron. \u00abEmpec\u00e9 a o\u00edr frases que sab\u00eda que no estaban rotas en versos, y eso para m\u00ed era una cosa completamente imprevista, nueva, porque nunca hab\u00eda escrito narrativa, ni siquiera la hab\u00eda estudiado\u00bb, dice. Todo lo que hab\u00eda hecho Garth Greenwell hasta entonces era escribir poes\u00eda. Sin \u00e9xito, recuerda. \u00abPas\u00e9 20 a\u00f1os escribiendo poes\u00eda sin publicar un libro, pero consagrando por completo mi vida a la poes\u00eda. Incluso empec\u00e9 un doctorado en poes\u00eda, pero a los tres a\u00f1os lo dej\u00e9 para dedicarme a dar clases en institutos. Estuve siete a\u00f1os de profesor de instituto. Cuatro de ellos los pas\u00e9 en Bulgaria. Fue all\u00ed donde las frases aparecieron\u00bb, repite. Cree que tuvo que ver con ver, por primera vez, al otro. Estar cerca de otras narrativas. Las vidas de sus alumnos. \u00abExperiment\u00e9 un tipo de deslumbramiento muy interesante, relacionado con mi capacidad afectiva\u00bb, dice. Es un d\u00eda de junio en extremo caluroso. Tiene un pa\u00f1uelo azul en la mano y se seca con \u00e9l el sudor de la frente a cada rato. Est\u00e1 tom\u00e1ndose un caf\u00e9 con leche, y dando sorbos a un vaso de agua fr\u00eda. Aquellas primeras frases que no eran versos, sino frases \u2014\u00abla frase no es para m\u00ed un contenedor para un pensamiento sino la herramienta para pensar, una herramienta de navegaci\u00f3n, de descubrimiento\u00bb, dice\u2014, dieron pie a\u00a0<span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/literatura-contemporanea\/26396-ebook-lo-que-te-pertenece-9788439733775\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><em>Lo que te pertenece<\/em><\/a><\/span>\u00a0(2016), su primera novela, en la que inventa un yo que no es exactamente \u00e9l, pero que tampoco puede no serlo. \u00abLa imagen es un poco cursi, pero creo que la relaci\u00f3n entre lo vivido y la literatura es similar a la relaci\u00f3n entre el lino y un \u00f3leo. Cuando me preguntan cu\u00e1nto en el libro es vivido, siempre digo que para m\u00ed es como estar en un museo y que me pregunten cu\u00e1nto lino hay un \u00f3leo determinado. Para pintar al \u00f3leo tienes que tomar el lino, aplastarlo, molerlo y extraer el aceite, la linaza, y despu\u00e9s suspender un poco de pigmento en la linaza. Escribir es parecido en mi caso. Tengo que aplastar lo vivido y suspender la invenci\u00f3n, de manera que, al final, es imposible decir cu\u00e1nto es vivido y cu\u00e1nto es imaginado y d\u00f3nde est\u00e1 la l\u00ednea entre los dos\u00bb, expone. Su espa\u00f1ol es frondoso y perfecto. Aunque su pareja, el poeta Luis Mu\u00f1oz, y \u00e9l se conocieron en Estados Unidos, y viven juntos desde hace mucho en Iowa City, hablan indistintamente en los dos idiomas desde pr\u00e1cticamente el principio. Es a Luis a quien dedica\u00a0<em>Lluvia peque\u00f1a<\/em>\u00a0(Random House), su \u00faltima novela \u2014la tercera, despu\u00e9s de\u00a0<span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/literatura-contemporanea\/235751-ebook-pureza-9788439738244\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><em>Pureza<\/em><\/a><\/span>\u00a0(2020), su segunda historia ambientada en Sof\u00eda\u2014, aunque tambi\u00e9n aparecen, y son importantes, dos profesores, recientemente fallecidos, sin los que Garth no ser\u00eda el mismo. 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Fern\u00e1ndez: \u00bfQu\u00e9 hicieron esos dos profesores para cambiarte la vida?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Garth Greenwell:<\/strong>\u00a0David Brown me dio a conocer la \u00f3pera. Porque yo no empec\u00e9 como escritor, empec\u00e9 como m\u00fasico. Estudi\u00e9 canto por \u00e9l. Era un profesor de mi instituto, un instituto p\u00fablico en Kentucky, un hombre dedicado, brillante. Vio algo en mi voz y me dio clases de canto sin cobrarme, fuera de la escuela, en un acto de generosidad incre\u00edble, y me anim\u00f3 a solicitar plaza en una escuela de Michigan, que, al llegar, me pareci\u00f3 como\u00a0<span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/recomendaciones\/tendencias\/libros-para-sumergirte-en-el-mundo-de-hogwarts-legacy\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Hogwarts<\/a><\/span>, una escuela m\u00e1gica que me permiti\u00f3 tener una vida completamente diferente. Pas\u00e9 ocho o nueve a\u00f1os estudiando canto. Y en la universidad empec\u00e9 estudiando m\u00fasica, pero un d\u00eda hice clase con ese otro profesor, James Longenbeach, que era tambi\u00e9n incre\u00edble, y me volvi\u00f3 a cambiar la vida, porque me descubri\u00f3 la poes\u00eda, y c\u00f3mo una vida consagrada a ella ser\u00eda la vida m\u00e1s noble posible. Con \u00e9l le\u00ed por primera vez a casi todos los poetas que siguen siendo claves para m\u00ed, Oppen entre ellos.<\/p><p><strong>Laura Fern\u00e1ndez: Hablemos de George Oppen. Porque es uno de sus poemas lo que el protagonista recuerda mientras est\u00e1 postrado en la cama. Y se convierte entonces en algo m\u00e1s que un poema. \u00bfVerdad?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Garth Greenwell:<\/strong>\u00a0Todo el libro viene de la poes\u00eda porque uno de los asuntos que trato en \u00e9l es qu\u00e9 significa leer un poema con tu vida entera. Y qu\u00e9 significa construir una vida de los poemas que has le\u00eddo. Esta es la raz\u00f3n por la que, de repente, en mitad de esa narraci\u00f3n enfebrecida de alguien que est\u00e1 en peligro de muerte, hay un ensayo de 13 p\u00e1ginas sobre un poema de nueve versos.<\/p><p>[El poema se titula <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Stranger%27s_Child\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><em>Stranger's Child<\/em><\/a><\/span>,\u00a0<em>El ni\u00f1o de un extra\u00f1o<\/em>, y tiene que ver con un gorri\u00f3n, y su hijo peque\u00f1o, dice as\u00ed:<\/p><p>\u00abUn gorri\u00f3n en la calle adoquinada,<br \/>peque\u00f1o gorri\u00f3n redondo y dulce,<br \/>el p\u00e1jaro de Chaucer...<\/p><p>o si una hoja<br \/>destellase entre hojas, entre las hojas<br \/>de la temporada...<\/p><p>Los pies del gorri\u00f3n,<br \/>los pies del hijo del gorri\u00f3n tocan<br \/>piedra 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Fern\u00e1ndez: Es algo que haces a menudo, romper la trama.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Garth Greenwell:<\/strong> S\u00ed, no soy un escritor que tenga una confianza extrema en s\u00ed mismo, siempre pienso que todo podr\u00eda estar mejor, con la excepci\u00f3n de esas cosas que de repente coloco dentro de las novelas. En todos mis libros siempre hay algo que es evidentemente la elecci\u00f3n m\u00e1s horrible que pod\u00eda hacer. Como por ejemplo, en mi primera novela, hay un p\u00e1rrafo de 43 p\u00e1ginas. Y no dud\u00e9 de \u00e9l. No dudo de la cosa obviamente equivocada.<\/p><p><strong>Laura Fern\u00e1ndez: Porque obviamente no lo est\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Garth Greenwell:<\/strong>\u00a0No, claro, el ensayo sobre el poema de Oppen era para m\u00ed la cosa m\u00e1s importante de la novela. Toda la novela explora el sentido de dedicar la vida al arte, y la posibilidad de que una obra de arte tenga un valor infinito, y qu\u00e9 significa leer un poema con la vida entera. En ese ensayo, \u00e9l lee ese poema con la vida entera. Pero la gran pregunta es, \u00bfnos ayuda el arte a vivir? \u00bfNos puede servir de algo en los momentos m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles?<\/p><p><strong>Laura Fern\u00e1ndez: Y la respuesta es...<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Garth Greenwell:<\/strong>\u00a0(Se r\u00ede) Escrib\u00ed el libro para responderla. Porque cuando \u00e9l entra en el hospital y un m\u00e9dico le dice que podr\u00eda morirse de eso que tiene, \u00e9l se pregunta qu\u00e9 sentido han tenido los 40 y pico a\u00f1os que ha vivido, si los ha consagrado al arte, a la poes\u00eda, \u00bftiene valor una vida de ese tipo?<\/p><p><strong>Laura Fern\u00e1ndez: \u00bfLo tiene? \u00bfNos ayuda el arte?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Garth Greenwell:<\/strong>\u00a0La respuesta es no. Pero. Hay una cosa. Lo que ocurre en el libro es que ese poema vuelve a \u00e9l, de alguna forma, en un momento clave en el que sufre un tipo de p\u00e1nico que nunca ha experimentado antes. Siente que est\u00e1 perdiendo su yo, su identidad, y es un horror. Intenta buscar la poes\u00eda para encontrarse, pero resulta que la poes\u00eda no aparece. Ha pasado la vida memorizando poemas, y est\u00e1 intentando encontrar uno que le calme, pero no est\u00e1. Pero al final ocurre algo que le demuestra que s\u00ed estaba ah\u00ed. Y \u00e9l siente que esas palabras son como el punto m\u00e1s peque\u00f1o de terreno s\u00f3lido. Importan porque no son sus palabras, son palabras de George Oppen, y significa que no est\u00e1 solo, que hay otra voz, otra presencia con \u00e9l en ese momento. 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Fern\u00e1ndez: Adem\u00e1s de toda esa introspecci\u00f3n, hay tambi\u00e9n una cr\u00edtica feroz al sistema sanitario de Estados Unidos, aunque es una cr\u00edtica \u00edntima, y atent\u00edsima a los detalles, como la posibilidad de que en un cambio de turno alguien no d\u00e9 una informaci\u00f3n vital y el paciente sufra las consecuencias.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Garth Greenwell:<\/strong> Pas\u00e9 tres a\u00f1os y medio escribiendo <em>Lluvia peque\u00f1a<\/em>. Siempre escribo sin plan, abri\u00e9ndome camino en la historia. Utilizo las frases como herramientas para pensar, como he dicho, y lo apasionante es ir descubriendo c\u00f3mo se mueve la conciencia. Y lo descubro mientras escribo. Mi \u00fanica intenci\u00f3n siempre es habitar ese cuerpo en particular, esa conciencia en particular, nunca tengo una intenci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica, filos\u00f3fica o moral, pero, por supuesto, si est\u00e1s dentro de un cuerpo particular tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1s dentro de un momento, de un lugar, porque todas las presiones de esa vida particular est\u00e1n ah\u00ed tambi\u00e9n.<\/p><p><strong>Laura Fern\u00e1ndez: Entras en la novela entonces como una especie de explorador. Y adem\u00e1s de que el arte ayuda, pero s\u00f3lo un poco, \u00bfqu\u00e9 has descubierto?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Garth Greenwell:<\/strong>\u00a0Otro gran asunto de la novela, otra de las grandes cosas que me ha permitido explorar es de qu\u00e9 manera siempre nos estamos moviendo entre reducir al otro a una abstracci\u00f3n o ver al otro en su particularidad. Por ejemplo, los m\u00e9dicos que intervienen al narrador. \u00c9l percibe como una especie de violaci\u00f3n el hecho de que los m\u00e9dicos no le vean en su particularidad, como un alguien, un ser humano \u00fanico, sino como un paciente, un cuerpo en el que\u00a0<em>trabajar<\/em>, pero es por verlo as\u00ed que pueden salvarle la vida. Si verme como un mecanismo te permite salvarme la vida, hazlo, pienso. Pero ocurre que cuando un m\u00e9dico o una enfermera le trata como la persona que es, le restituye de alguna forma la vida. Y estoy pensando en mi pa\u00eds. En lo que ha pasado en Los \u00c1ngeles.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"spzuxdp\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>\u00abToda la novela explora el sentido de dedicar la vida al arte, y la posibilidad de que una obra de arte tenga un valor infinito, y qu\u00e9 significa leer un poema con la vida entera\u00bb.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#000000\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"40\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"24\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Vollkorn\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"45\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"30\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"95\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"95\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"xzaw9qa\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p><strong>Laura Fern\u00e1ndez: \u00bfSe est\u00e1 reduciendo todo a una abstracci\u00f3n?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Garth Greenwell:<\/strong> La sensaci\u00f3n es que mi pa\u00eds est\u00e1 a punto de sufrir un fracaso m\u00faltiple. Fracaso de la democracia, de la convivencia, de la no violencia. Se habla mucho en mi pa\u00eds sobre la relaci\u00f3n entre el arte y la pol\u00edtica, y la responsabilidad del arte, y yo rechazo cualquier idea de la responsabilidad de un artista. Yo creo que tenemos que proteger el arte de este tipo de responsabilidad. La pol\u00edtica es quien debe asumir la responsabilidad. Y a la vez me parece que la pol\u00edtica ha estado siempre relacionada con el Mal, porque la pol\u00edtica siempre implica un tipo de abstracci\u00f3n, y yo creo que hacer del ser humano una abstracci\u00f3n es el principio de alg\u00fan tipo de Mal. El arte es todo lo contrario. Es devoci\u00f3n a lo particular. A un ser particular. La manera de observar el mundo que nos da el arte me parece important\u00edsima.<\/p><p><strong>Laura Fern\u00e1ndez: Se habla del vecindario en la novela, y de la casa nueva que acababan de comprar el protagonista y su pareja, de un nuevo principio empa\u00f1ado.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Garth Greenwell:<\/strong> La novela es un poco una mu\u00f1eca rusa. Hay un cuerpo roto, en una casa rota, en un pa\u00eds roto, en un planeta roto, y lo que me interesa en todo eso es con qu\u00e9 actos de creaci\u00f3n respondemos a esas fracturas. Con el arte, la poes\u00eda, pero tambi\u00e9n con el amor, con la relaci\u00f3n con otra persona, que siempre es un acto de creaci\u00f3n, una manera de narrar la vida, y tambi\u00e9n la sociabilidad y la vecindad, porque ambas son tambi\u00e9n un acto de creaci\u00f3n. El narrador es due\u00f1o de casa nueva y eso es importante porque se ve implicado en una comunidad de una manera nueva. Vive en una peque\u00f1a ciudad universitaria liberal en un estado hiperconservador. Sabe que entre sus vecinos son votantes de <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/novela-grafica\/333564-ebook-presidente-trump-9788494616709\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Trump<\/span><\/a> pero siguen siendo sus vecinos. La vecindad, y todas las maneras en que se vive como parte de algo con lo que quiz\u00e1 no tengas nada que ver, que le hab\u00edan parecido banales, vac\u00edas, est\u00fapidas, eso que llaman el <em>midwestern nice<\/em>, la charla amable, el hablar del tiempo, del perro, de repente le parecen preciosas, porque nos permiten vivir con el otro sin que haya violencia de por medio. En un vecindario no deber\u00eda haber espacio para la abstracci\u00f3n.<\/p><p><strong>Laura Fern\u00e1ndez: \u00bfY qu\u00e9 hay de la narrativa que impone esa abstracci\u00f3n?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Garth Greenwell:<\/strong>\u00a0Yo creo que todos los seres humanos necesitamos la narrativa. Pero la narrativa puede venir de cualquier parte. Ese es el poder que tiene alguien como Trump. Proporciona una narrativa tan fuerte que puede servir a la gente para ubicarse, es como una herramienta de navegaci\u00f3n. Siempre vamos a necesitar narrativas, porque proponen un tipo de confianza que la vida humana no puede sostener. El totalitarismo insiste en una narrativa falsa que pretende generar esa confianza 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Cr\u00e9dito: Oriette D'Angelo.\",\"link_to\":\"none\",\"link\":{\"is_external\":\"\",\"url\":\"\"},\"view\":\"traditional\",\"section_style_image\":\"\",\"space\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"opacity\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":1},\"hover_animation\":\"\",\"image_border_border\":\"\",\"image_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"image_border_color\":\"\",\"image_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"image_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"image_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"9frpl28\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\">Garth Greenwell. Cr\u00e9dito: Oriette 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siendo el mismo d\u00eda de junio, y el calor es sofocante, apenas queda caf\u00e9 en la taza, ni agua en la botella, pero hay algo m\u00e1s que querr\u00eda saber de Garth Greenwell. Y es si tuvo un <em>big bang<\/em> como escritor. Si hubo un antes y un despu\u00e9s de leer determinado libro. Algo que le haya dicho, en alg\u00fan momento (ESTE ES TU CAMINO).<\/p><p><strong>Laura Fern\u00e1ndez: \u00bfLo hubo?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Garth Greenwell:<\/strong> S\u00ed, lo hubo. Pas\u00f3 cuando ten\u00eda 14 a\u00f1os. Viv\u00eda en Kentucky. Imag\u00ednate. Un chico gay antes de internet en Kentucky. \u00bfQu\u00e9 clase de vida pod\u00eda llevar? Para vivir necesitamos narrativa. Y s\u00f3lo hab\u00eda dos posibles narrativas en las que un chico gay como yo pod\u00eda encajar en Kentucky. O bien iba a ser un hombre que molestase a los ni\u00f1os, o alguien que acabar\u00eda muriendo de sida. Pero entonces, en una biblioteca, oh, las bibliotecas han sido mi refugio, siempre, absolutamente claves en mi vida, encontr\u00e9 un libro de <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguin.co.uk\/authors\/10853\/james-baldwin\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">James Baldwin<\/span><\/a>. <em>El cuarto de Giovanni<\/em>. Y me salv\u00f3 la vida. Pero \u00bfc\u00f3mo pudo hacerlo?, te preguntar\u00e1s. Porque es un libro, yo creo, hom\u00f3fobo. Est\u00e1 construido sobre la l\u00f3gica de que el amor entre dos hombres no puede durar, es imposible, absurdo, y en \u00e9l todos los personajes acaban o muertos o en un estado de devastaci\u00f3n total. \u00bfY c\u00f3mo puede ser que ese libro me diese tanta esperanza? \u00bfC\u00f3mo puede ser que ese libro en el que la homosexualidad es una puerta cerrada me abriese todas las puertas? Porque yo creo que en Estados Unidos tenemos una idea demasiado simple de la relaci\u00f3n entre la literatura y nuestras vidas, y una idea demasiado simple de lo que llamamos \u00abrepresentaci\u00f3n positiva\u00bb. Fue al leer ese libro cuando comprend\u00ed en qu\u00e9 consiste una obra de arte, y c\u00f3mo iba a relacionarme con ellas a partir de entonces.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"5s5yki7\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>\u00abLa novela es un poco una mu\u00f1eca rusa. Hay un cuerpo roto, en una casa rota, en un pa\u00eds roto, en un planeta roto, y lo que me interesa en todo eso es con qu\u00e9 actos de creaci\u00f3n respondemos a esas fracturas. Con el arte, la poes\u00eda, pero tambi\u00e9n con el amor\u00bb.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#000000\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"40\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"24\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Vollkorn\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"45\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"30\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"95\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"95\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"938cc50\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>Ahora est\u00e1 leyendo a Chirbes y a Pombo, dice, pero tambi\u00e9n a San Agust\u00edn, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9? \u00bfQu\u00e9 tiene en mente? \u00abEstoy trabajando en un libro de ensayos. Y uno de ellos trata sobre lo in\u00fatil y est\u00fapido que es el t\u00e9rmino y la idea de la autoficci\u00f3n\u00bb.<\/p><p><strong>Laura Fern\u00e1ndez: \u00bfEn qu\u00e9 sentido?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Garth Greenwell:<\/strong> En el sentido de que la tradici\u00f3n en la que yo mismo estoy escribiendo y las herramientas que estoy usando las invent\u00f3 San Agust\u00edn. Toda la tradici\u00f3n de la literatura del yo es una tradici\u00f3n que surge de <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/libros-de-espiritualidad\/38693-libro-confesiones-de-un-pecador-serie-great-ideas-9788430609284\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">San Agust\u00edn y sus <em>Confesiones<\/em><\/span><\/a>, y pasa por toda la escritura m\u00edstica que ha sido tan importante para el desarrollo de las literaturas vern\u00e1culas, por el ensayo de <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/5868-michel-de-montaigne\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Montaigne<\/span><\/a> pero tambi\u00e9n de los escritores ingleses del siglo XVI y XVII y que ha entrado la ficci\u00f3n con la novela de la conciencia de James, <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/410-marcel-proust\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Proust<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/647-virginia-woolf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Woolf<\/span><\/a> y <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/716-thomas-bernhard\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Bernhard<\/span><\/a>. Es una tradici\u00f3n tan rica y tan profunda que la idea de hacer un <em>branding<\/em> con ella, llamarla autoficci\u00f3n para pretender que es algo nuevo y no la cosa m\u00e1s antigua de la literatura es una manera de robarle la riqueza.<\/p><p>Antes de marcharse, dibuja, mentalmente, con palabras, la imagen con la que Virginia Woolf describe el dolor f\u00edsico, la enfermedad, en ese ensayo suyo, <em>Sobre estar enfermo<\/em>. \u00abEs como un peque\u00f1o terreno nevado en el que ni siquiera las huellas de los p\u00e1jaros aparecen\u00bb. Tan inviolable. Tan \u00edntimo. \u00c9l ha intentado permitir que lo pisemos, en un intento por iluminarnos, sin sufrir las consecuencias.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"mdbmk0s\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><strong>OTROS\u00a0CONTENIDOS DE INTER\u00c9S:<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/literatura\/marcel-proust-dias-de-lectura\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">D\u00edas de lectura<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/literatura\/la-muerte-de-virginia-woolf-por-leonard-woolf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">La muerte de Virginia Woolf por Leonard Woolf: la contemplaci\u00f3n imperturbable<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/entrevistas\/margaret-atwood-laura-fernandez-perdidas-en-el-bosque-el-cuento-de-la-criada\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Margaret Atwood por Laura Fern\u00e1ndez: la Reina de la Alt\u00edsima Literatura Especulativa<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/fenomenos\/las-damas-de-grace-adieu-susanna-clarke-laura-fernandez\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">\u00abLas damas de Grace Adieu\u00bb, el reino m\u00e1gico de una escritora enigm\u00e1ticamente perfecta: Susanna Clarke<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/fenomenos\/thought-daughters-hijas-pensativas-que-libros-leen\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Qui\u00e9nes son las \u00abthought daughters\u00bb (o \u00abhijas pensativas\u00bb) y qu\u00e9 libros leen<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"solid\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"cutb7nc\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_layout\":\"\",\"stretch_section\":\"section-stretched\",\"layout\":\"full_width\",\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"gap\":\"default\",\"height\":\"default\",\"custom_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":400},\"column_position\":\"middle\",\"content_position\":\"\",\"structure\":\"10\",\"section_background\":\"\",\"background_background\":\"\",\"background_color\":\"\",\"background_color_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0},\"background_color_b\":\"\",\"background_color_b_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"background_gradient_type\":\"linear\",\"background_gradient_angle\":{\"unit\":\"deg\",\"size\":180},\"background_gradient_position\":\"center 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15 minutos

Por  Laura Fernández

Garth Greenwell. Crédito: Bryan Schutmaat.

Garth Greenwell. Crédito: Bryan Schutmaat.

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No sabría decir qué pasó. Sólo dónde pasó. En Sofía, la capital de Bulgaria. Las frases simplemente aparecieron. «Empecé a oír frases que sabía que no estaban rotas en versos, y eso para mí era una cosa completamente imprevista, nueva, porque nunca había escrito narrativa, ni siquiera la había estudiado», dice. Todo lo que había hecho Garth Greenwell hasta entonces era escribir poesía. Sin éxito, recuerda. «Pasé 20 años escribiendo poesía sin publicar un libro, pero consagrando por completo mi vida a la poesía. Incluso empecé un doctorado en poesía, pero a los tres años lo dejé para dedicarme a dar clases en institutos. Estuve siete años de profesor de instituto. Cuatro de ellos los pasé en Bulgaria. Fue allí donde las frases aparecieron», repite. Cree que tuvo que ver con ver, por primera vez, al otro. Estar cerca de otras narrativas. Las vidas de sus alumnos. «Experimenté un tipo de deslumbramiento muy interesante, relacionado con mi capacidad afectiva», dice. Es un día de junio en extremo caluroso. Tiene un pañuelo azul en la mano y se seca con él el sudor de la frente a cada rato. Está tomándose un café con leche, y dando sorbos a un vaso de agua fría. Aquellas primeras frases que no eran versos, sino frases —«la frase no es para mí un contenedor para un pensamiento sino la herramienta para pensar, una herramienta de navegación, de descubrimiento», dice—, dieron pie a Lo que te pertenece (2016), su primera novela, en la que inventa un yo que no es exactamente él, pero que tampoco puede no serlo. «La imagen es un poco cursi, pero creo que la relación entre lo vivido y la literatura es similar a la relación entre el lino y un óleo. Cuando me preguntan cuánto en el libro es vivido, siempre digo que para mí es como estar en un museo y que me pregunten cuánto lino hay un óleo determinado. Para pintar al óleo tienes que tomar el lino, aplastarlo, molerlo y extraer el aceite, la linaza, y después suspender un poco de pigmento en la linaza. Escribir es parecido en mi caso. Tengo que aplastar lo vivido y suspender la invención, de manera que, al final, es imposible decir cuánto es vivido y cuánto es imaginado y dónde está la línea entre los dos», expone. Su español es frondoso y perfecto. Aunque su pareja, el poeta Luis Muñoz, y él se conocieron en Estados Unidos, y viven juntos desde hace mucho en Iowa City, hablan indistintamente en los dos idiomas desde prácticamente el principio. Es a Luis a quien dedica Lluvia pequeña (Random House), su última novela —la tercera, después de Pureza (2020), su segunda historia ambientada en Sofía—, aunque también aparecen, y son importantes, dos profesores, recientemente fallecidos, sin los que Garth no sería el mismo. David Brown, de la Youth Performing Arts School de Louisville, y James Longenbach, de la Universidad de Rochester. «No hay forma de saldar la deuda que tengo con ellos», escribe.

  • ¡En oferta!
  • -5%

Lluvia pequeña

Galardonada con el PEN / Faulkner Award y nominada al National Book Critics Circle Award Entre los mejores libros de 2024 según el Financial Times y The Washington Post. Uno de los mejores libros de 2025 según Babelia . «Una novela sobre lo que re...
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Laura Fernández: ¿Qué hicieron esos dos profesores para cambiarte la vida?

Garth Greenwell: David Brown me dio a conocer la ópera. Porque yo no empecé como escritor, empecé como músico. Estudié canto por él. Era un profesor de mi instituto, un instituto público en Kentucky, un hombre dedicado, brillante. Vio algo en mi voz y me dio clases de canto sin cobrarme, fuera de la escuela, en un acto de generosidad increíble, y me animó a solicitar plaza en una escuela de Michigan, que, al llegar, me pareció como Hogwarts, una escuela mágica que me permitió tener una vida completamente diferente. Pasé ocho o nueve años estudiando canto. Y en la universidad empecé estudiando música, pero un día hice clase con ese otro profesor, James Longenbeach, que era también increíble, y me volvió a cambiar la vida, porque me descubrió la poesía, y cómo una vida consagrada a ella sería la vida más noble posible. Con él leí por primera vez a casi todos los poetas que siguen siendo claves para mí, Oppen entre ellos.

Laura Fernández: Hablemos de George Oppen. Porque es uno de sus poemas lo que el protagonista recuerda mientras está postrado en la cama. Y se convierte entonces en algo más que un poema. ¿Verdad?

Garth Greenwell: Todo el libro viene de la poesía porque uno de los asuntos que trato en él es qué significa leer un poema con tu vida entera. Y qué significa construir una vida de los poemas que has leído. Esta es la razón por la que, de repente, en mitad de esa narración enfebrecida de alguien que está en peligro de muerte, hay un ensayo de 13 páginas sobre un poema de nueve versos.

[El poema se titula Stranger's Child, El niño de un extraño, y tiene que ver con un gorrión, y su hijo pequeño, dice así:

«Un gorrión en la calle adoquinada,
pequeño gorrión redondo y dulce,
el pájaro de Chaucer...

o si una hoja
destellase entre hojas, entre las hojas
de la temporada...

Los pies del gorrión,
los pies del hijo del gorrión tocan
piedra desnuda»].

«La frase no es para mí un contenedor para un pensamiento sino la herramienta para pensar, una herramienta de navegación, de descubrimiento».

Laura Fernández: Es algo que haces a menudo, romper la trama.

Garth Greenwell: Sí, no soy un escritor que tenga una confianza extrema en sí mismo, siempre pienso que todo podría estar mejor, con la excepción de esas cosas que de repente coloco dentro de las novelas. En todos mis libros siempre hay algo que es evidentemente la elección más horrible que podía hacer. Como por ejemplo, en mi primera novela, hay un párrafo de 43 páginas. Y no dudé de él. No dudo de la cosa obviamente equivocada.

Laura Fernández: Porque obviamente no lo está.

Garth Greenwell: No, claro, el ensayo sobre el poema de Oppen era para mí la cosa más importante de la novela. Toda la novela explora el sentido de dedicar la vida al arte, y la posibilidad de que una obra de arte tenga un valor infinito, y qué significa leer un poema con la vida entera. En ese ensayo, él lee ese poema con la vida entera. Pero la gran pregunta es, ¿nos ayuda el arte a vivir? ¿Nos puede servir de algo en los momentos más difíciles?

Laura Fernández: Y la respuesta es...

Garth Greenwell: (Se ríe) Escribí el libro para responderla. Porque cuando él entra en el hospital y un médico le dice que podría morirse de eso que tiene, él se pregunta qué sentido han tenido los 40 y pico años que ha vivido, si los ha consagrado al arte, a la poesía, ¿tiene valor una vida de ese tipo?

Laura Fernández: ¿Lo tiene? ¿Nos ayuda el arte?

Garth Greenwell: La respuesta es no. Pero. Hay una cosa. Lo que ocurre en el libro es que ese poema vuelve a él, de alguna forma, en un momento clave en el que sufre un tipo de pánico que nunca ha experimentado antes. Siente que está perdiendo su yo, su identidad, y es un horror. Intenta buscar la poesía para encontrarse, pero resulta que la poesía no aparece. Ha pasado la vida memorizando poemas, y está intentando encontrar uno que le calme, pero no está. Pero al final ocurre algo que le demuestra que sí estaba ahí. Y él siente que esas palabras son como el punto más pequeño de terreno sólido. Importan porque no son sus palabras, son palabras de George Oppen, y significa que no está solo, que hay otra voz, otra presencia con él en ese momento. Así que la respuesta es no, o más bien, un poco, y ese poco puede ser mucho en determinados momentos.

Garth Greenwell. Crédito: Bryan Schutmaat.

Garth Greenwell. Crédito: Bryan Schutmaat.

Laura Fernández: Además de toda esa introspección, hay también una crítica feroz al sistema sanitario de Estados Unidos, aunque es una crítica íntima, y atentísima a los detalles, como la posibilidad de que en un cambio de turno alguien no dé una información vital y el paciente sufra las consecuencias.

Garth Greenwell: Pasé tres años y medio escribiendo Lluvia pequeña. Siempre escribo sin plan, abriéndome camino en la historia. Utilizo las frases como herramientas para pensar, como he dicho, y lo apasionante es ir descubriendo cómo se mueve la conciencia. Y lo descubro mientras escribo. Mi única intención siempre es habitar ese cuerpo en particular, esa conciencia en particular, nunca tengo una intención política, filosófica o moral, pero, por supuesto, si estás dentro de un cuerpo particular también estás dentro de un momento, de un lugar, porque todas las presiones de esa vida particular están ahí también.

Laura Fernández: Entras en la novela entonces como una especie de explorador. Y además de que el arte ayuda, pero sólo un poco, ¿qué has descubierto?

Garth Greenwell: Otro gran asunto de la novela, otra de las grandes cosas que me ha permitido explorar es de qué manera siempre nos estamos moviendo entre reducir al otro a una abstracción o ver al otro en su particularidad. Por ejemplo, los médicos que intervienen al narrador. Él percibe como una especie de violación el hecho de que los médicos no le vean en su particularidad, como un alguien, un ser humano único, sino como un paciente, un cuerpo en el que trabajar, pero es por verlo así que pueden salvarle la vida. Si verme como un mecanismo te permite salvarme la vida, hazlo, pienso. Pero ocurre que cuando un médico o una enfermera le trata como la persona que es, le restituye de alguna forma la vida. Y estoy pensando en mi país. En lo que ha pasado en Los Ángeles.

«Toda la novela explora el sentido de dedicar la vida al arte, y la posibilidad de que una obra de arte tenga un valor infinito, y qué significa leer un poema con la vida entera».

Laura Fernández: ¿Se está reduciendo todo a una abstracción?

Garth Greenwell: La sensación es que mi país está a punto de sufrir un fracaso múltiple. Fracaso de la democracia, de la convivencia, de la no violencia. Se habla mucho en mi país sobre la relación entre el arte y la política, y la responsabilidad del arte, y yo rechazo cualquier idea de la responsabilidad de un artista. Yo creo que tenemos que proteger el arte de este tipo de responsabilidad. La política es quien debe asumir la responsabilidad. Y a la vez me parece que la política ha estado siempre relacionada con el Mal, porque la política siempre implica un tipo de abstracción, y yo creo que hacer del ser humano una abstracción es el principio de algún tipo de Mal. El arte es todo lo contrario. Es devoción a lo particular. A un ser particular. La manera de observar el mundo que nos da el arte me parece importantísima.

Laura Fernández: Se habla del vecindario en la novela, y de la casa nueva que acababan de comprar el protagonista y su pareja, de un nuevo principio empañado.

Garth Greenwell: La novela es un poco una muñeca rusa. Hay un cuerpo roto, en una casa rota, en un país roto, en un planeta roto, y lo que me interesa en todo eso es con qué actos de creación respondemos a esas fracturas. Con el arte, la poesía, pero también con el amor, con la relación con otra persona, que siempre es un acto de creación, una manera de narrar la vida, y también la sociabilidad y la vecindad, porque ambas son también un acto de creación. El narrador es dueño de casa nueva y eso es importante porque se ve implicado en una comunidad de una manera nueva. Vive en una pequeña ciudad universitaria liberal en un estado hiperconservador. Sabe que entre sus vecinos son votantes de Trump pero siguen siendo sus vecinos. La vecindad, y todas las maneras en que se vive como parte de algo con lo que quizá no tengas nada que ver, que le habían parecido banales, vacías, estúpidas, eso que llaman el midwestern nice, la charla amable, el hablar del tiempo, del perro, de repente le parecen preciosas, porque nos permiten vivir con el otro sin que haya violencia de por medio. En un vecindario no debería haber espacio para la abstracción.

Laura Fernández: ¿Y qué hay de la narrativa que impone esa abstracción?

Garth Greenwell: Yo creo que todos los seres humanos necesitamos la narrativa. Pero la narrativa puede venir de cualquier parte. Ese es el poder que tiene alguien como Trump. Proporciona una narrativa tan fuerte que puede servir a la gente para ubicarse, es como una herramienta de navegación. Siempre vamos a necesitar narrativas, porque proponen un tipo de confianza que la vida humana no puede sostener. El totalitarismo insiste en una narrativa falsa que pretende generar esa confianza imposible.

Garth Greenwell. Crédito: Oriette D'Angelo.

Garth Greenwell. Crédito: Oriette D'Angelo.

Sigue siendo el mismo día de junio, y el calor es sofocante, apenas queda café en la taza, ni agua en la botella, pero hay algo más que querría saber de Garth Greenwell. Y es si tuvo un big bang como escritor. Si hubo un antes y un después de leer determinado libro. Algo que le haya dicho, en algún momento (ESTE ES TU CAMINO).

Laura Fernández: ¿Lo hubo?

Garth Greenwell: Sí, lo hubo. Pasó cuando tenía 14 años. Vivía en Kentucky. Imagínate. Un chico gay antes de internet en Kentucky. ¿Qué clase de vida podía llevar? Para vivir necesitamos narrativa. Y sólo había dos posibles narrativas en las que un chico gay como yo podía encajar en Kentucky. O bien iba a ser un hombre que molestase a los niños, o alguien que acabaría muriendo de sida. Pero entonces, en una biblioteca, oh, las bibliotecas han sido mi refugio, siempre, absolutamente claves en mi vida, encontré un libro de James Baldwin. El cuarto de Giovanni. Y me salvó la vida. Pero ¿cómo pudo hacerlo?, te preguntarás. Porque es un libro, yo creo, homófobo. Está construido sobre la lógica de que el amor entre dos hombres no puede durar, es imposible, absurdo, y en él todos los personajes acaban o muertos o en un estado de devastación total. ¿Y cómo puede ser que ese libro me diese tanta esperanza? ¿Cómo puede ser que ese libro en el que la homosexualidad es una puerta cerrada me abriese todas las puertas? Porque yo creo que en Estados Unidos tenemos una idea demasiado simple de la relación entre la literatura y nuestras vidas, y una idea demasiado simple de lo que llamamos «representación positiva». Fue al leer ese libro cuando comprendí en qué consiste una obra de arte, y cómo iba a relacionarme con ellas a partir de entonces.

«La novela es un poco una muñeca rusa. Hay un cuerpo roto, en una casa rota, en un país roto, en un planeta roto, y lo que me interesa en todo eso es con qué actos de creación respondemos a esas fracturas. Con el arte, la poesía, pero también con el amor».

Ahora está leyendo a Chirbes y a Pombo, dice, pero también a San Agustín, ¿por qué? ¿Qué tiene en mente? «Estoy trabajando en un libro de ensayos. Y uno de ellos trata sobre lo inútil y estúpido que es el término y la idea de la autoficción».

Laura Fernández: ¿En qué sentido?

Garth Greenwell: En el sentido de que la tradición en la que yo mismo estoy escribiendo y las herramientas que estoy usando las inventó San Agustín. Toda la tradición de la literatura del yo es una tradición que surge de San Agustín y sus Confesiones, y pasa por toda la escritura mística que ha sido tan importante para el desarrollo de las literaturas vernáculas, por el ensayo de Montaigne pero también de los escritores ingleses del siglo XVI y XVII y que ha entrado la ficción con la novela de la conciencia de James, Proust, Woolf y Bernhard. Es una tradición tan rica y tan profunda que la idea de hacer un branding con ella, llamarla autoficción para pretender que es algo nuevo y no la cosa más antigua de la literatura es una manera de robarle la riqueza.

Antes de marcharse, dibuja, mentalmente, con palabras, la imagen con la que Virginia Woolf describe el dolor físico, la enfermedad, en ese ensayo suyo, Sobre estar enfermo. «Es como un pequeño terreno nevado en el que ni siquiera las huellas de los pájaros aparecen». Tan inviolable. Tan íntimo. Él ha intentado permitir que lo pisemos, en un intento por iluminarnos, sin sufrir las consecuencias.

OTROS CONTENIDOS DE INTERÉS:

Días de lectura

La muerte de Virginia Woolf por Leonard Woolf: la contemplación imperturbable

Margaret Atwood por Laura Fernández: la Reina de la Altísima Literatura Especulativa

«Las damas de Grace Adieu», el reino mágico de una escritora enigmáticamente perfecta: Susanna Clarke

Quiénes son las «thought daughters» (o «hijas pensativas») y qué libros leen

Otros libros de Garth Greenwell

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«Carrie», de Stephen King: el clásico del terror regresa en la era del ciberacoso
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Daniel V. Villamediana 10 minutos
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