Entrevistas

Guillermo Arriaga: narrar para sobrevivir al pasado

Guillermo Arriaga no escribe, disecciona. Como un cazador —uno real, con rifle, con barro hasta las rodillas— persigue las emociones humanas más primitivas: la violencia, la culpa, el deseo de redención. En 2025 sigue siendo el narrador visceral que conmovió al cine global con «Amores perros», «21 gramos» o «Babel» y que en la literatura ha consolidado una voz brutal y poética a la vez. En persona, Arriaga alterna una ternura insospechada con una mirada que parece venir de otro tiempo, más salvaje. En su última novela, «El Hombre» (Alfaguara, mayo de 2025), Arriaga explora la vida de Henry Lloyd, un hombre con un enigmático pasado que logra forjar a sangre y fuego una inmensa fortuna, a mediados del siglo XIX. En esta entrevista con el también escritor Juan Cruz Ruiz, Arriaga habla del duelo, de la muerte y de por qué contar historias sigue siendo un acto de supervivencia.

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href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/tematicas\/384342-ebook-el-hombre-9786073858069\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><em>El Hombre<\/em><\/span><\/a>, de Guillermo Arriaga, es un libro apasionante, extra\u00f1o, fuera de serie, inesperado, natural; sin embargo, no cesa de proponerle al lector la comparaci\u00f3n con otras obras maestras. En la narraci\u00f3n literaria y en el cine bien narrado.\u00a0Aqu\u00ed Arriaga muestra su pasi\u00f3n por contar. Su manera de hacerlo tiene parangones en sus paisanos Juan Rulfo y Mart\u00ednez de Guzm\u00e1n y en otras importantes figuras, tan distintas como <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/literatura\/cervantes-shakespeare-quijote-cardenio\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">William Shakespeare<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/ficciones\/wendy-guerra-ernest-hemingway\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Ernest Hemingway<\/span><\/a> o <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/libro-de-biografias\/28344-ebook-pio-baroja-9788430600038\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">P\u00edo Baroja<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p><p>Junto al periodista que lo entrevist\u00f3 se escuch\u00f3 esta frase: \u00abUn d\u00eda ser\u00e1s Nobel, como <a 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Cruz Ruiz: En el libro nombras a <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/literatura\/cervantes-shakespeare-quijote-cardenio\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">William Shakespeare<\/a><\/span>, a <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/469-francis-scott-fitzgerald\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Francis Scott Fitzgerald<\/span><\/a>, a <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/podcast\/revista-lengua-podcast-ricardo-piglia-y-hemingway\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Ernest Hemingway<\/a><\/span>, a otros, y de pronto not\u00e9 que faltaba Rulfo\u2026<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Guillermo Arriaga:<\/strong> \u00a1No, no! Rulfo y Faulkner y Mart\u00ednez de Guzm\u00e1n son mis maestros de siempre, tenlo claro!<\/p><p><strong>Juan Cruz Ruiz: \u00bfCon qu\u00e9 literatura te acuestas t\u00fa? \u00bfQu\u00e9 literaturas te van hablando?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Guillermo Arriaga:<\/strong> <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/414-william-faulkner\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Faulkner<\/span><\/a>. Faulkner y Rulfo. Y Shakespeare. Quiz\u00e1 Steinbeck\u2026<\/p><p><strong>Juan Cruz Ruiz: \u00bfY por qu\u00e9 ellos? \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Rulfo, por ejemplo?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Guillermo Arriaga:<\/strong> Porque cuando empec\u00e9 a escribir lo hac\u00eda de forma desordenada y cuando le\u00ed a Rulfo me di cuenta de que \u00e9l escrib\u00eda de manera tan desordenada como yo. Tiene una estructura distinta para cada cuento, y as\u00ed yo hab\u00eda iniciado mis cuentos, con una estructura distinta para cada uno. Con Faulkner me pas\u00f3 parecido... los dos me llevaron a pensar que lo que yo hac\u00eda no estaba tan desencaminado. En cuanto a Shakespeare, este me ense\u00f1\u00f3 c\u00f3mo abordar el origen de los conflictos: mientras m\u00e1s cercanos son los personajes, m\u00e1s grande es el conflicto.<\/p><p><strong>Juan Cruz Ruiz: Cuando empec\u00e9 a leer <em>El Hombre<\/em> sent\u00ed parte de esos conflictos. Soy de un barranco, en Canarias. Tu novela nos acoge a los lectores como si se hubiera escrito desde lo hondo de un barranco. Le escrib\u00ed a tu editora lo que sent\u00ed:\u00a0<\/strong><b>\u00ab<\/b><strong>Una novela es un libro cuando su historia te afecta, no es tan solo una novela<\/strong><b>\u00bb<\/b><strong>. El primer p\u00e1rrafo de <em>El Hombre<\/em> retrata la burla de los ni\u00f1os pobres. El personaje del ni\u00f1o Jack Barley, azotado por los fuertes, es la primera se\u00f1al de esta apasionante narraci\u00f3n. \u00bfC\u00f3mo naci\u00f3 el libro?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Guillermo Arriaga:<\/strong> Yo no ten\u00eda clara la historia. Sab\u00eda que iba a hablar de un tipo que construy\u00f3 un imperio, eso era lo \u00fanico que sab\u00eda. Y de pronto surgi\u00f3 ese ni\u00f1o.<\/p><p><strong>Juan Cruz Ruiz: \u00bfDe d\u00f3nde surgi\u00f3?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Guillermo Arriaga:<\/strong> Yo estuve rodeado de ni\u00f1os sin padre, con gente de padres abandonantes. De hecho, mi apellido es el apellido de mi abuelastro, no de mi abuelo de sangre, del que adopt\u00f3 a mi pap\u00e1, eso se va metiendo en tu memoria y en tu vida, y de alguna manera este personaje, el ni\u00f1o, es el resultado de esa filtraci\u00f3n de la historia del chico en mi propia historia. Yo siempre he dicho que, en un libro, t\u00fa tienes que poner lo menos de uno para que haya lo m\u00e1s de uno, porque si empiezas a poner lo de ti mismo empiezas a hacer caricatura, como hac\u00eda Hemingway en <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/literatura-contemporanea\/25283-ebook-al-otro-lado-del-rio-y-entre-los-arboles-9788466356824\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><em>Al otro lado del r\u00edo y entre los \u00e1rboles,<\/em><\/span><\/a> y yo encuentro que ese libro tiene mucho de m\u00ed porque trat\u00e9 de poner poco de m\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Juan Cruz Ruiz: \u00bfC\u00f3mo fueron llenando tu cabeza no s\u00f3lo este sino todos los episodios de este libro?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Guillermo Arriaga:<\/strong> No lo s\u00e9. Siempre pens\u00e9 que cuando te <em>bulearan<\/em> lo mejor era ser mucho m\u00e1s salvaje que aquel que se burlara de ti, aunque te destrozara\u2026 Cuando yo ten\u00eda doce a\u00f1os viv\u00eda en un barrio muy bravo e iba a una escuela privada. Entonces yo ten\u00eda un cuchillo escondido en la manga. No lo necesitaba en la escuela, lo necesitaba en el barrio. Entonces el grandote de la clase me tir\u00f3 de la tarima donde yo recib\u00eda las clases. Y saqu\u00e9 el cuchillo y se lo puse al grandote en el cuello y le dije: \u00abHasta aqu\u00ed llegaste\u00bb. Me dijeron: \u00abTe van a expulsar\u00bb. Y yo dije, no me importa, hasta aqu\u00ed llegaste, gordo. No lo mat\u00e9, obviamente. Hay un momento en que te cansas y te terminas defendiendo de alguna manera\u2026<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"s6d6dmh\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>\u00abCuando empec\u00e9 a escribir lo hac\u00eda de forma desordenada y cuando le\u00ed a Rulfo me di cuenta de que \u00e9l escrib\u00eda de manera tan desordenada como yo. Con Faulkner me pas\u00f3 parecido... Los dos me llevaron a pensar que lo que yo hac\u00eda no estaba tan desencaminado\u00bb.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#000000\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"40\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"24\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Vollkorn\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"45\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"30\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"95\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"95\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"3c5z717\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p><strong>Juan Cruz Ruiz: \u00bfC\u00f3mo va viniendo el libro, qu\u00e9 ra\u00edz tiene? Porque este libro es toda la vida, desde el siglo XIX hasta 2024\u2026<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Guillermo Arriaga:<\/strong> Se me fue ocurriendo desde que ten\u00eda diecis\u00e9is a\u00f1os. Yo fui a cazar a un lugar cerca de un pueblo que se llama Nacimiento de los Negros, fundado por esclavos americanos que huyeron de Estados Unidos cuando M\u00e9xico decreta la abolici\u00f3n de la esclavitud. Ah\u00ed estaba un vaquero negro, como un profesional que empezaba a retar al encargado del rancho y despu\u00e9s al primo del due\u00f1o del rancho. Me di cuenta de que, cada vez que se peleaba, cuando terminaban de ponerle los guantes a los otros \u00e9l les pegaba y les ganaba r\u00e1pido\u2026 As\u00ed que me dije que no me iba a aplicar esa medicina. Cuando me toc\u00f3 enfrentarlo no dej\u00e9 que se levantara; le pegu\u00e9 hasta que le romp\u00ed la nariz. Me empez\u00f3 a lanzar cuchilladas que yo iba salvando con mis guantes de box. Le dije que no se enojara, que aquello era como el f\u00fatbol: \u00abno te gano porque yo sea mejor\u00bb. Ese encuentro, y esa pelea, me llevaron a explicarme la situaci\u00f3n de los negroamericanos y los apaches\u2026 cuando le\u00ed <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguin.co.uk\/books\/358511\/absalom-absalom-by-william-faulkner\/9780099475118\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><em>\u00a1Absal\u00f3n, Absal\u00f3n!<\/em><\/span><\/a> sent\u00ed que este libro deb\u00eda de tener esa ra\u00edz.<\/p><p><strong>Juan Cruz Ruiz: Faulkner en el coraz\u00f3n\u2026<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Guillermo Arriaga:<\/strong> Y lo pens\u00e9 primero como una pel\u00edcula, y escrib\u00ed algunos intentos. En <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/literatura-contemporanea\/241813-ebook-erase-una-vez-en-hollywood-9788418052484\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Hollywood<\/span><\/a> me ped\u00edan que escribiera el argumento. 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Cruz Ruiz: Hay muchas escrituras en este libro, y todas son distintas. Como si fueran distintos autores juntos escribiendo de distintas maneras\u2026 \u00bfC\u00f3mo te las arreglaste?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Guillermo Arriaga:<\/strong> Eso fue quiz\u00e1 lo m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil, porque a mi no me gustan las novelas que tienen varias voces, aunque todas hablan igual\u2026 y aqu\u00ed cada uno tiene su vocabulario. Hay quienes tienen un vocabulario m\u00e1s b\u00e1sico y otros que lo tienen m\u00e1s elevado, distintas sintaxis. Al principio apareci\u00f3 alguien un campesino <em>rufiano<\/em>, pero alguien me avis\u00f3 de que cambiara la voz, y le adjudiqu\u00e9 una sintaxis distinta, y ahora es un esclavo africano que se niega a hablar la lengua de sus colonizadores. Pero ese lenguaje limitado, que parece en efecto extra\u00f1o, termina siendo altamente po\u00e9tico.<\/p><p><strong>Juan Cruz Ruiz: \u00bfHasta qu\u00e9 punto, Guillermo, no es este un libro de actualidad?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Guillermo Arriaga:<\/strong> Es curioso lo que dices, y as\u00ed me han dicho muchos: que este libro ha salido en el momento en que deb\u00eda salir\u2026 en un momento en que se est\u00e1n cuestionando las relaciones entre pa\u00edses, y en el marco de los Estados Unidos y de su gran vecino, M\u00e9xico. Cuando hay descontento profundo de las clases blancas americanas. Cuando el problema de la negritud se les est\u00e1 revertiendo a los blancos. Hay gente que me dice que es un libro ideal para esta \u00e9poca, que por eso va a tener un di\u00e1logo con el momento en que vivimos, a pesar de que su escritura remite, desde el principio, al siglo XIX. Todo ahora parece, desde el libro y en la realidad, una nebulosa novel\u00edstica en la vida norteamericana.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"z4i3120\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>\u00abPrimero lo pens\u00e9 como una pel\u00edcula, y escrib\u00ed algunos intentos. En Hollywood me ped\u00edan que escribiera el argumento. Yo les dec\u00eda que yo no escrib\u00eda argumentos\u2026 Despu\u00e9s de muchos intentos, durante veinte a\u00f1os sent\u00ed que esta idea ped\u00eda libro y no pel\u00edcula, y termin\u00f3 siendo <em>El Hombre<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#000000\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"40\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"24\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Vollkorn\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"45\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"30\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"95\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"95\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"ptenn4l\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p><strong>Juan Cruz Ruiz: Y en realidad nace el libro, en todas sus p\u00e1ginas, tambi\u00e9n en las de 2024, cuando a\u00fan no estaba en la actualidad el encuentro del mundo con <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/harari-sandel\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Trump<\/span><\/a> y con <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/entrevistas\/elon-musk-twitter-marta-peirano\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Musk<\/span><\/a>. Has narrado un pa\u00eds, Am\u00e9rica, y un pa\u00eds en el que hay mucha gente ruin...<span style=\\\"white-space: pre;\\\"> <\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Guillermo Arriaga:<\/strong> Hay mucha gente ruin y mucha gente dolida. La promesa de Margaret Thatcher y de Ronald Reagan de que iban a crear un sistema neoliberal que har\u00eda feliz a todo el mundo fue mentira. Reagan hablaba de una econom\u00eda que dar\u00eda beneficios que nunca llegaron, ni en Inglaterra ni en Estados Unidos. Eso provoc\u00f3 que las clases blancas inglesas y norteamericanas recelaran de los migrantes, y no del sistema, y eso es lo m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil, lo que en definitiva dio lugar al <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/entrevistas\/elon-musk-twitter-marta-peirano\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Brexit<\/a><\/span> y, en Estados Unidos, a Trump, por eso hay gente muy dolida, muy desesperada, muy confundida y muy asustada.<\/p><p><strong>Juan Cruz Ruiz: El libro llena de inquietud contempor\u00e1nea, no de siglos atr\u00e1s, sino de ahora mismo. \u00bfC\u00f3mo saliste t\u00fa de su escritura?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Guillermo Arriaga:<\/strong> Yo siempre salgo muy feliz de cualquier libro, no importa el tema que est\u00e9 escribiendo. Los que escribimos dramas as\u00ed somos gente que salimos indemnes de lo que escribimos. Este es un drama bien contempor\u00e1neo y ojal\u00e1 importe en este momento. Es mi mayor deseo.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"f7bzog4\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><strong>OTROS\u00a0CONTENIDOS DE INTER\u00c9S:<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/entrevistas\/guillermo-arriaga-extranas\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Guillermo Arriaga o c\u00f3mo narrar la crueldad<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/entrevistas\/hector-abad-faciolince-guerra-de-ucrania\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">H\u00e9ctor Abad Faciolince: \u00abSoy racional y esc\u00e9ptico, pero he sentido que segu\u00eda viviendo sin darme cuenta de que hab\u00eda muerto\u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/entrevistas\/todo-empieza-con-aixa-de-la-cruz\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Todo empieza con Aixa de la Cruz<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/fenomenos\/el-rostro-de-javier-cercas\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">El rostro de Javier Cercas<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/literatura\/jordi-soler-y-joan-manuel-serrat-dos-cabalgan-juntos\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Jordi Soler y Joan Manuel Serrat: dos cabalgan juntos<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/entrevistas\/marta-perez-carbonell-nada-mas-ilusorio-juan-cruz-ruiz\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Marta P\u00e9rez-Carbonell: \u00abEstaba pose\u00edda por el mundo de Javier Mar\u00edas cuando empec\u00e9 a escribir \\\"Nada m\u00e1s ilusorio\\\"\u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"solid\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"zynw9wk\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_layout\":\"\",\"stretch_section\":\"section-stretched\",\"layout\":\"full_width\",\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"gap\":\"default\",\"height\":\"default\",\"custom_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":400},\"column_position\":\"middle\",\"content_position\":\"\",\"structure\":\"10\",\"section_background\":\"\",\"background_background\":\"\",\"background_color\":\"\",\"background_color_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0},\"background_color_b\":\"\",\"background_color_b_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"background_gradient_type\":\"linear\",\"background_gradient_angle\":{\"unit\":\"deg\",\"size\":180},\"background_gradient_position\":\"center 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10 minutos

Por  Juan Cruz Ruiz

Guillermo Arriaga en una imagen de 2023. Crédito: Getty Images.

Guillermo Arriaga en una imagen de 2023. Crédito: Getty Images.

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El Hombre, de Guillermo Arriaga, es un libro apasionante, extraño, fuera de serie, inesperado, natural; sin embargo, no cesa de proponerle al lector la comparación con otras obras maestras. En la narración literaria y en el cine bien narrado. Aquí Arriaga muestra su pasión por contar. Su manera de hacerlo tiene parangones en sus paisanos Juan Rulfo y Martínez de Guzmán y en otras importantes figuras, tan distintas como William Shakespeare, Ernest Hemingway o Pío Baroja. 

Junto al periodista que lo entrevistó se escuchó esta frase: «Un día serás Nobel, como Octavio Paz», y él se echó a reír con esa risa chiquita con la que escucha y con la que, cuando no está dura la naturaleza de la conversación, Arriaga responde. Este es el resultado de nuestra conversación para LENGUA.

  • ¡En oferta!
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El Hombre

"Sí, matamos, quemamos, cometimos despojos injustificables, mas al final, sobre las ruinas, se alzó el progreso, sentado en un trono de sangre".
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Juan Cruz Ruiz: En el libro nombras a William Shakespeare, a Francis Scott Fitzgerald, a Ernest Hemingway, a otros, y de pronto noté que faltaba Rulfo…

Guillermo Arriaga: ¡No, no! Rulfo y Faulkner y Martínez de Guzmán son mis maestros de siempre, tenlo claro!

Juan Cruz Ruiz: ¿Con qué literatura te acuestas tú? ¿Qué literaturas te van hablando? 

Guillermo Arriaga: Faulkner. Faulkner y Rulfo. Y Shakespeare. Quizá Steinbeck…

Juan Cruz Ruiz: ¿Y por qué ellos? ¿Por qué Rulfo, por ejemplo?

Guillermo Arriaga: Porque cuando empecé a escribir lo hacía de forma desordenada y cuando leí a Rulfo me di cuenta de que él escribía de manera tan desordenada como yo. Tiene una estructura distinta para cada cuento, y así yo había iniciado mis cuentos, con una estructura distinta para cada uno. Con Faulkner me pasó parecido... los dos me llevaron a pensar que lo que yo hacía no estaba tan desencaminado. En cuanto a Shakespeare, este me enseñó cómo abordar el origen de los conflictos: mientras más cercanos son los personajes, más grande es el conflicto.

Juan Cruz Ruiz: Cuando empecé a leer El Hombre sentí parte de esos conflictos. Soy de un barranco, en Canarias. Tu novela nos acoge a los lectores como si se hubiera escrito desde lo hondo de un barranco. Le escribí a tu editora lo que sentí: «Una novela es un libro cuando su historia te afecta, no es tan solo una novela». El primer párrafo de El Hombre retrata la burla de los niños pobres. El personaje del niño Jack Barley, azotado por los fuertes, es la primera señal de esta apasionante narración. ¿Cómo nació el libro?

Guillermo Arriaga: Yo no tenía clara la historia. Sabía que iba a hablar de un tipo que construyó un imperio, eso era lo único que sabía. Y de pronto surgió ese niño.

Juan Cruz Ruiz: ¿De dónde surgió?

Guillermo Arriaga: Yo estuve rodeado de niños sin padre, con gente de padres abandonantes. De hecho, mi apellido es el apellido de mi abuelastro, no de mi abuelo de sangre, del que adoptó a mi papá, eso se va metiendo en tu memoria y en tu vida, y de alguna manera este personaje, el niño, es el resultado de esa filtración de la historia del chico en mi propia historia. Yo siempre he dicho que, en un libro, tú tienes que poner lo menos de uno para que haya lo más de uno, porque si empiezas a poner lo de ti mismo empiezas a hacer caricatura, como hacía Hemingway en Al otro lado del río y entre los árboles, y yo encuentro que ese libro tiene mucho de mí porque traté de poner poco de mí. 

Juan Cruz Ruiz: ¿Cómo fueron llenando tu cabeza no sólo este sino todos los episodios de este libro?

Guillermo Arriaga: No lo sé. Siempre pensé que cuando te bulearan lo mejor era ser mucho más salvaje que aquel que se burlara de ti, aunque te destrozara… Cuando yo tenía doce años vivía en un barrio muy bravo e iba a una escuela privada. Entonces yo tenía un cuchillo escondido en la manga. No lo necesitaba en la escuela, lo necesitaba en el barrio. Entonces el grandote de la clase me tiró de la tarima donde yo recibía las clases. Y saqué el cuchillo y se lo puse al grandote en el cuello y le dije: «Hasta aquí llegaste». Me dijeron: «Te van a expulsar». Y yo dije, no me importa, hasta aquí llegaste, gordo. No lo maté, obviamente. Hay un momento en que te cansas y te terminas defendiendo de alguna manera…

«Cuando empecé a escribir lo hacía de forma desordenada y cuando leí a Rulfo me di cuenta de que él escribía de manera tan desordenada como yo. Con Faulkner me pasó parecido... Los dos me llevaron a pensar que lo que yo hacía no estaba tan desencaminado».

Juan Cruz Ruiz: ¿Cómo va viniendo el libro, qué raíz tiene? Porque este libro es toda la vida, desde el siglo XIX hasta 2024…

Guillermo Arriaga: Se me fue ocurriendo desde que tenía dieciséis años. Yo fui a cazar a un lugar cerca de un pueblo que se llama Nacimiento de los Negros, fundado por esclavos americanos que huyeron de Estados Unidos cuando México decreta la abolición de la esclavitud. Ahí estaba un vaquero negro, como un profesional que empezaba a retar al encargado del rancho y después al primo del dueño del rancho. Me di cuenta de que, cada vez que se peleaba, cuando terminaban de ponerle los guantes a los otros él les pegaba y les ganaba rápido… Así que me dije que no me iba a aplicar esa medicina. Cuando me tocó enfrentarlo no dejé que se levantara; le pegué hasta que le rompí la nariz. Me empezó a lanzar cuchilladas que yo iba salvando con mis guantes de box. Le dije que no se enojara, que aquello era como el fútbol: «no te gano porque yo sea mejor». Ese encuentro, y esa pelea, me llevaron a explicarme la situación de los negroamericanos y los apaches… cuando leí ¡Absalón, Absalón! sentí que este libro debía de tener esa raíz.

Juan Cruz Ruiz: Faulkner en el corazón…

Guillermo Arriaga: Y lo pensé primero como una película, y escribí algunos intentos. En Hollywood me pedían que escribiera el argumento. Yo les decía que yo no escribía argumentos… Después de muchos intentos, durante veinte años sentí que esta idea pedía libro y no película, y terminó siendo El Hombre, este libro.

Juan Cruz Ruiz: ¿Qué hay más en esta literatura: hechos, arte, imaginación, la vida?

Guillermo Arriaga: Por orden: son los hechos, la imaginación, la literatura… si algo quiero de mis libros es que estos se sientan impregnados de vida, que parezca, porque sea verdad, que fui testigo cercano de lo que sucedió… en este caso, lo que sucedió evidentemente pasó en años limítrofes, y hay una época, 2024, que evidentemente está a la vuelta de la esquina.

Juan Cruz Ruiz: Pero todos los personajes parecen ser tus contemporáneos…

Guillermo Arriaga: No sé si tomarlo como un halago o como un defecto de la novela...

Juan Cruz Ruiz: En este caso, quiere ser un halago.

Guillermo Arriaga: Yo lo que quiero es que los lectores sientan que estos son personajes que vivieron en ese tiempo, y que son hijos de su tiempo. Esa es la idea que tuve al escribir también los episodios basados en 2024, cómo iba quedando el legado de aquel hombre que se llamó Henry Lovett. En cuanto al niño con el que comienza la novela, no me gustaría hacer spoiler, pero sí puedo decir que ese personaje se va convirtiendo en la némesis del protagonista, el único que puede derrotar su imperio. El verdadero enemigo del protagonista es ese niño, Jack, el único que podría acabar con él... y ninguno, nadie, sabe de dónde viene el creador de ese imperio. Allá por las páginas 150 o 180 se sabrá cuál es el pasado de ese hombre y por qué le tiene tanto miedo a Jack Barley.

Guillermo Arriaga en una imagen de 2023. Crédito: Getty Images.

Guillermo Arriaga en una imagen de 2023. Crédito: Getty Images.

Juan Cruz Ruiz: Hay muchas escrituras en este libro, y todas son distintas. Como si fueran distintos autores juntos escribiendo de distintas maneras… ¿Cómo te las arreglaste?

Guillermo Arriaga: Eso fue quizá lo más difícil, porque a mi no me gustan las novelas que tienen varias voces, aunque todas hablan igual… y aquí cada uno tiene su vocabulario. Hay quienes tienen un vocabulario más básico y otros que lo tienen más elevado, distintas sintaxis. Al principio apareció alguien un campesino rufiano, pero alguien me avisó de que cambiara la voz, y le adjudiqué una sintaxis distinta, y ahora es un esclavo africano que se niega a hablar la lengua de sus colonizadores. Pero ese lenguaje limitado, que parece en efecto extraño, termina siendo altamente poético.

Juan Cruz Ruiz: ¿Hasta qué punto, Guillermo, no es este un libro de actualidad?

Guillermo Arriaga: Es curioso lo que dices, y así me han dicho muchos: que este libro ha salido en el momento en que debía salir… en un momento en que se están cuestionando las relaciones entre países, y en el marco de los Estados Unidos y de su gran vecino, México. Cuando hay descontento profundo de las clases blancas americanas. Cuando el problema de la negritud se les está revertiendo a los blancos. Hay gente que me dice que es un libro ideal para esta época, que por eso va a tener un diálogo con el momento en que vivimos, a pesar de que su escritura remite, desde el principio, al siglo XIX. Todo ahora parece, desde el libro y en la realidad, una nebulosa novelística en la vida norteamericana.

«Primero lo pensé como una película, y escribí algunos intentos. En Hollywood me pedían que escribiera el argumento. Yo les decía que yo no escribía argumentos… Después de muchos intentos, durante veinte años sentí que esta idea pedía libro y no película, y terminó siendo El Hombre».

Juan Cruz Ruiz: Y en realidad nace el libro, en todas sus páginas, también en las de 2024, cuando aún no estaba en la actualidad el encuentro del mundo con Trump y con Musk. Has narrado un país, América, y un país en el que hay mucha gente ruin...

Guillermo Arriaga: Hay mucha gente ruin y mucha gente dolida. La promesa de Margaret Thatcher y de Ronald Reagan de que iban a crear un sistema neoliberal que haría feliz a todo el mundo fue mentira. Reagan hablaba de una economía que daría beneficios que nunca llegaron, ni en Inglaterra ni en Estados Unidos. Eso provocó que las clases blancas inglesas y norteamericanas recelaran de los migrantes, y no del sistema, y eso es lo más fácil, lo que en definitiva dio lugar al Brexit y, en Estados Unidos, a Trump, por eso hay gente muy dolida, muy desesperada, muy confundida y muy asustada.

Juan Cruz Ruiz: El libro llena de inquietud contemporánea, no de siglos atrás, sino de ahora mismo. ¿Cómo saliste tú de su escritura?

Guillermo Arriaga: Yo siempre salgo muy feliz de cualquier libro, no importa el tema que esté escribiendo. Los que escribimos dramas así somos gente que salimos indemnes de lo que escribimos. Este es un drama bien contemporáneo y ojalá importe en este momento. Es mi mayor deseo.

OTROS CONTENIDOS DE INTERÉS:

Guillermo Arriaga o cómo narrar la crueldad

Héctor Abad Faciolince: «Soy racional y escéptico, pero he sentido que seguía viviendo sin darme cuenta de que había muerto»

Todo empieza con Aixa de la Cruz

El rostro de Javier Cercas

Jordi Soler y Joan Manuel Serrat: dos cabalgan juntos

Marta Pérez-Carbonell: «Estaba poseída por el mundo de Javier Marías cuando empecé a escribir "Nada más ilusorio"»

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Una tierra de frontera en disputa: el relato de la ambición desmedida que está en el origen de las grandes fortunas Por el ganador del Premio Alfaguara de novela y autor de películas como Amores perros, 21 gramos o Babel «Arriaga [es] un narrador de raza, cuyas obsesiones vitales dejan honda huella en el lector».Matías Néspolo, El Mundo «Leerlo es un...
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