No ficción

María Picasso, madre protectora y musa del genio

Pablo Ruiz Picasso fue el mayor de tres hermanos, el único varón. Estuvo a punto de morir nada más nacer, pues el genio vino al mundo apenas sin respiración el 25 de octubre de 1881 en el número 15 de la plaza de la Merced de Málaga. Esta experiencia marcaría la relación entre madre e hijo: para María, Pablo fue su retoño predilecto; para Pablo, su madre fue la mujer más importante de su vida (no en vano, el artista adoptaría para la eternidad su apellido). De hecho, es posible que Picasso (el artista, el genio) no hubiese pasado a la historia del arte sin el constante apoyo y empuje de su madre, quien pronto percibió en él un don para las tareas creativas (Picasso fue desde siempre un joven despierto e inquieto. Disciplinado, trabajaba durante horas, garabateando el papel y empleando como modelos a sus hermanas y progenitores; María, por su parte, guardó celosamente muchos de esos dibujos). Bajo estas líneas compartimos esta historia, la de María y Pablo, apenas una del medio centenar que componen el libro «Únicas» (Plaza & Janés, 2024), un título de no ficción en el que la periodista e historiadora Alicia Vallina reconstruye las apasionantes vidas de 50 mujeres olvidadas que construyeron la historia de España. De la aquí retratada María Picasso a la beata Dolores, la última bruja de la Inquisición, pasando por Pinito del Oro, la mejor trapecista del mundo, o Laura Albéniz, la mejor ilustradora del Modernismo, Vallina recuerda en esta obra las luchas, esperanzas e increíbles gestas de unas mujeres que, incluso silenciadas o menospreciadas, siempre trataron de construir un mundo más igualitario.

{"id":2322,"id_simpleblog_post":"2322","id_simpleblog_category":"66","id_simpleblog_post_type":"1","id_simpleblog_author":"0","author":"Alicia Vallina","author_url":"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/104502-alicia-vallina","likes":"0","views":"1690","allow_comments":"2","is_featured":"1","access":"a:6:{i:1;b:1;i:2;b:1;i:3;b:1;i:4;b:0;i:5;b:0;i:6;b:0;}","cover":"jpg","featured":"jpg","id_product":"348755,348855","id_category_tematica":"58,57,116110","id_category_autor":"104502","id_category_editorial":"11349,971489","id_event":"0","active":"1","title":"Mar\u00eda Picasso, madre protectora y musa del genio","meta_title":"Mar\u00eda Picasso, madre protectora y musa del genio","meta_description":"Compartimos la historia de Mar\u00eda y Pablo Picasso, una de las 50 que componen \u00ab\u00danicas\u00bb, un libro en el que la periodista e historiadora Alicia Vallina reconstruye las apasionantes vidas de muchas mujeres olvidadas que construyeron la historia de Espa\u00f1a.","meta_keywords":"Compartimos la historia de Mar\u00eda y Pablo Picasso, una de las 50 que componen \u00ab\u00danicas\u00bb, un libro en el que la periodista e historiadora Alicia Vallina reconstruye las apasionantes vidas de muchas mujeres olvidadas que construyeron la historia de Espa\u00f1a.","short_content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Pablo Ruiz Picasso fue el mayor de tres hermanos, el \u00fanico var\u00f3n. Estuvo a punto de morir nada m\u00e1s nacer, pues el genio vino al mundo apenas sin respiraci\u00f3n el 25 de octubre de 1881 en el n\u00famero 15 de la plaza de la Merced de M\u00e1laga. Esta experiencia marcar\u00eda la relaci\u00f3n entre madre e hijo: para Mar\u00eda, Pablo fue su reto\u00f1o predilecto; para Pablo, su madre fue la mujer m\u00e1s importante de su vida (no en vano, el artista adoptar\u00eda para la eternidad su apellido). De hecho, es posible que Picasso (el artista, el genio) no hubiese pasado a la historia del arte sin el constante apoyo y empuje de su madre, quien pronto percibi\u00f3 en \u00e9l un don para las tareas creativas (Picasso fue desde siempre un joven despierto e inquieto. Disciplinado, trabajaba durante horas, garabateando el papel y empleando como modelos a sus hermanas y progenitores; Mar\u00eda, por su parte, guard\u00f3 celosamente muchos de esos dibujos). Bajo estas l\u00edneas compartimos esta historia, la de Mar\u00eda y Pablo, apenas una del medio centenar que componen el libro \u00ab\u00danicas\u00bb (Plaza &amp; Jan\u00e9s, 2024), un t\u00edtulo de no ficci\u00f3n en el que la periodista e historiadora Alicia Vallina reconstruye las apasionantes vidas de 50 mujeres olvidadas que construyeron la historia de Espa\u00f1a. De la aqu\u00ed retratada Mar\u00eda Picasso a la beata Dolores, la \u00faltima bruja de la Inquisici\u00f3n, pasando por Pinito del Oro, la mejor trapecista del mundo, o Laura Alb\u00e9niz, la mejor ilustradora del Modernismo, Vallina recuerda en esta obra las luchas, esperanzas e incre\u00edbles gestas de unas mujeres que, incluso silenciadas o menospreciadas, siempre trataron de construir un mundo m\u00e1s igualitario.<\/p>","full_content":"","content":"[{\"id\":\"1o9x8nr\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_layout\":\"\",\"stretch_section\":\"\",\"layout\":\"boxed\",\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"gap\":\"default\",\"height\":\"default\",\"custom_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":400},\"column_position\":\"middle\",\"content_position\":\"\",\"structure\":\"10\",\"section_background\":\"\",\"background_background\":\"\",\"background_color\":\"\",\"background_color_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0},\"background_color_b\":\"\",\"background_color_b_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"background_gradient_type\":\"linear\",\"background_gradient_angle\":{\"unit\":\"deg\",\"size\":180},\"background_gradient_position\":\"center 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la izquierda, foto del cuadro Madre con ni\u00f1o, de Pablo Picasso, en una muestra del Museo del Patrimonio de Hong Kong. Cr\u00e9dito: Getty Images. A la derecha, La madre del artista, de Pablo Picasso, a\u00f1o 1896. Cr\u00e9dito: Museu Picasso, Barcelona \/ Sucesi\u00f3n Picasso, VEGAP, Madrid, 2024.\",\"link_to\":\"none\",\"link\":{\"is_external\":\"\",\"url\":\"\"},\"view\":\"traditional\",\"section_style_image\":\"\",\"space\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"opacity\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":1},\"hover_animation\":\"\",\"image_border_border\":\"\",\"image_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"image_border_color\":\"\",\"image_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"image_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"image_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"00no5s1\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\">A la izquierda, foto del cuadro <em>Madre con ni\u00f1o,<\/em> de Pablo Picasso, en una muestra del Museo del Patrimonio de Hong Kong. Cr\u00e9dito: Getty Images. A la derecha, <em>La madre del artista,<\/em> de Pablo Picasso, a\u00f1o 1896. Cr\u00e9dito: Museu Picasso, Barcelona \/ Sucesi\u00f3n Picasso, VEGAP, Madrid, 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style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\">El arte es la mentira que nos permite comprender la verdad.<\/p><p style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\">Pablo 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style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.elsaltodiario.com\/anales-espana\/1855-primera-huelga-general\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">La primera huelga general en Espa\u00f1a<\/a><\/span> fue en 1855, iniciada en una Barcelona convulsa y proletaria que despertaba al movimiento obrero y que, a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde, acoger\u00eda a uno de los mayores genios del arte universal. En ese a\u00f1o tambi\u00e9n naci\u00f3 la mujer m\u00e1s importante de la vida de Picasso, pues no en vano, el artista adoptar\u00eda para la eternidad el apellido de Mar\u00eda Francisca Picasso L\u00f3pez, su madre.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Mar\u00eda, malague\u00f1a, de complexi\u00f3n robusta, corta de estatura, extrovertida y amante de la lectura, el teatro y la costura, era hija del tambi\u00e9n malague\u00f1o Francisco Picasso Guarde\u00f1o (1825- 1888) y de In\u00e9s L\u00f3pez Robles (1831-1902), de origen humilde y de una familia de <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">barrileros<\/span> del barrio de <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El_Perchel\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">El Perchel<\/a><\/span>. Don Francisco, comerciante y un hombre infiel por naturaleza, lleg\u00f3 a tener un sinf\u00edn de hijos ileg\u00edtimos en La Habana (lugar a donde emigr\u00f3 para trabajar como funcionario de aduanas). Firme defensor de los derechos de los negros, se traslad\u00f3 posteriormente a Cienfuegos (sur de Cuba), donde falleci\u00f3 de fiebre amarilla en el Hospital de la Caridad.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Francisco era el quinto de los hijos de Tommaso (bisabuelo del genial pintor), natural de Sori (G\u00e9nova), y un amante de la mar que lleg\u00f3 a ser capit\u00e1n de barco, y de Mar\u00eda Guarde\u00f1o, nacida en Cabra (C\u00f3rdoba) y f\u00edsicamente muy parecida al genio. El matrimonio Picasso Guarde\u00f1o tuvo seis hijos, el primero, Juan Bautista, tambi\u00e9n fue marino como su padre, y padre, a su vez, de un prestigioso general de la Armada espa\u00f1ola, <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/dbe.rah.es\/biografias\/52627\/juan-picasso-gonzalez\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Juan Picasso Gonz\u00e1lez<\/a><\/span>, quien fue conocido por el informe que lleva el ilustre apellido del genio y que realiz\u00f3 sobre el <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.elmundo.es\/loc\/famosos\/2023\/03\/11\/640b51e3fc6c834f018b4589.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">desastre de Annual de 1921<\/a><\/span>, que trajo como consecuencia el <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Golpe_de_Estado_de_Primo_de_Rivera\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">golpe de Estado de Primo de 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Picasso hab\u00eda contra\u00eddo nupcias, el 8 de diciembre de 1880 en M\u00e1laga, con <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Ruiz_y_Blasco\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Jos\u00e9 Ruiz Blasco<\/a><\/span>, octavo de once hermanos nacidos del matrimonio del cordob\u00e9s Diego Ruiz Almoguera y de Mar\u00eda de la Paz Blasco y Echevarr\u00eda, procedente de Arguijo (Soria). 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la izquierda, Picasso en su estudio de Vallauris, Francia, en 1950. 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A la derecha, Picasso en su casa La Californie, en la regi\u00f3n francesa de Provenza-Alpes-Costa Azul, en 1957. Cr\u00e9dito: Getty 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a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, en 1884, naci\u00f3 su hermana Lola, coincidiendo con el <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.diariosur.es\/malaga\/201601\/25\/terremoto-andalucia-asolo-axarquia-20160125181314.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">gran terremoto<\/a><\/span> que se produjo en M\u00e1laga el d\u00eda de Navidad, y que hizo que toda la familia se trasladase al domicilio del pintor <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.museodelprado.es\/aprende\/enciclopedia\/voz\/muoz-degrain-antonio\/68a4f8e7-859d-4805-8e38-997dde988e41\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Mu\u00f1oz Degrain<\/a><\/span>, en la cercana calle de la Victoria. All\u00ed fue a nacer Lola, apodada la <em>Terrem\u00f3tica<\/em>, tres a\u00f1os menor que Pablo y a quien tambi\u00e9n adoraba, convirti\u00e9ndose en estos primeros a\u00f1os en su compa\u00f1era inseparable de juegos y travesuras.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Por estas fechas, la familia se traslad\u00f3 al n\u00famero 32 de la misma plaza de la Merced, donde tambi\u00e9n resid\u00edan sus t\u00edas maternas Eladia y Heliodora y su abuela In\u00e9s. Pablito tuvo otra t\u00eda m\u00e1s, la mayor, Aurelia, que, junto a su marido, el joyero de origen italiano Baldomero Ghiara del Peral, ayud\u00f3 a su sobrino a costear su formaci\u00f3n en la <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.realacademiabellasartessanfernando.com\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando<\/a><\/span> de Madrid. Todas ellas cuidaron con enorme mimo del peque\u00f1o Pablo, siempre sobreprotegido, el centro de atenci\u00f3n de sus historias, y un ni\u00f1o muy despierto y habilidoso con las manualidades. De hecho, sus t\u00edas Eladia y Heliodora trabajaban cosiendo en su domicilio los galones de los uniformes de la compa\u00f1\u00eda de ferrocarriles que Pablo recortaba y dibujaba con tremenda habilidad.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"u1s29i0\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>\u00abSi te conviertes en soldado, ser\u00e1s general. Si te conviertes en cura, terminar\u00e1s siendo papa\u00bb, le repet\u00eda Mar\u00eda a su hijo con la fe ciega que solo una madre dispensa a sus v\u00e1stagos m\u00e1s amados. Pablo complet\u00f3, a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde, el buen augurio de su madre.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#000000\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"40\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"24\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Vollkorn\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"45\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"30\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"95\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"95\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"zog0r83\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>A este ambiente femenino se vino a sumar el nacimiento de la peque\u00f1a de sus hermanas, su querida Conchita, seis a\u00f1os menor que \u00e9l, pero a la que estaba muy unido. Sin embargo, la desgracia se cerni\u00f3 sobre ella, pues falleci\u00f3 de\u00a0<span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/es\/diseases-conditions\/diphtheria\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20351897\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">difteria<\/a><\/span>\u00a0sin haber cumplido los ocho a\u00f1os, en 1895, cuando ya la familia se hab\u00eda trasladado a La Coru\u00f1a como consecuencia del nuevo trabajo de su padre, profesor de dibujo en la Escuela de Bellas Artes de la localidad gallega. El hecho tr\u00e1gico del fallecimiento de su hermana peque\u00f1a marcar\u00eda la vida del joven Pablo hasta tal punto que llam\u00f3 Concepci\u00f3n a la primera hija que tuvo, fruto de su relaci\u00f3n con\u00a0<span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.elmundo.es\/cultura\/2016\/01\/26\/56a5f1d5e2704e49718b460f.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Walter<\/a><\/span>\u00a0(ni\u00f1a que ser\u00eda conocida m\u00e1s tarde por el apelativo cari\u00f1oso de\u00a0<span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/cultura\/2022-12-20\/muere-maya-ruiz-picasso-hija-del-pintor-malagueno.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Maya<\/a><\/span>).\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Picasso fue desde siempre un joven despierto e inquieto, valiente y decidido al igual que lo era su madre, una mujer apasionada, de fuerte car\u00e1cter y con quien el genio ten\u00eda un buen parecido f\u00edsico. Disciplinado, trabajaba incansable al desaliento durante horas, garabateando el papel y empleando como modelos a sus hermanas y progenitores. Mar\u00eda guard\u00f3 celosamente muchos de esos dibujos en los que sol\u00eda aparecer representada de perfil, de medio cuerpo, con el cabello negro azabache recogido en un mo\u00f1o a mediana altura y haciendo tareas de costura, leyendo o incluso dormida. 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De este modo, y cuando el genio decidi\u00f3 abandonar Barcelona para instalarse definitivamente en Par\u00eds en 1904, la correspondencia entre ambos fue constante, acompa\u00f1ada de visitas bastante m\u00e1s escasas. Por ejemplo, en 1917, Picasso viaj\u00f3 a la Ciudad Condal con motivo de la actuaci\u00f3n de los ballets rusos de <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.danza.es\/multimedia\/biografias\/sergei-diaghilev\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Sergu\u00e9i Di\u00e1guilev<\/a><\/span>, compa\u00f1\u00eda de la que era bailarina <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.vanitatis.elconfidencial.com\/celebrities\/2023-05-15\/pablo-picasso-mujer-olja-jojlova-bailarina-rusa_3610448\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Olga Jojlova<\/a><\/span> (tambi\u00e9n Khokhlova), amante por aquel entonces del artista y a la que hab\u00eda conocido meses antes en Roma. Parece ser que Mar\u00eda Picasso aconsej\u00f3 a ambos que no se casaran, a lo que hicieron caso omiso, terminando su relaci\u00f3n, a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, debido a las constantes infidelidades del malague\u00f1o. Mar\u00eda, que conoc\u00eda muy bien a su hijo, sab\u00eda que las mujeres siempre le traer\u00edan de cabeza, al igual que ya hab\u00eda ocurrido con su abuelo.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>La madre de Picasso viv\u00eda entonces con su hija Lola, el marido de esta, el neur\u00f3logo Juan Vilat\u00f3, y sus siete nietos. En la mente, incesante, su querido Pablo, triunfando en Par\u00eds y a quien le encantaba seguir el diario <em>El Noticiero<\/em> que, envuelto en una faja de papel, su madre le enviaba a trav\u00e9s de alguno de sus nietos cuando les encargaba ir a correos.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"ugm5xza\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>La relaci\u00f3n de Pablo y Mar\u00eda, en estos primeros a\u00f1os de aprendizaje del artista, fue de absoluta comuni\u00f3n, cari\u00f1o y admiraci\u00f3n mutua. \u00a1Pablo ten\u00eda tanto de ella!, y no solo en su aspecto f\u00edsico sino tambi\u00e9n en su apabullante temperamento.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#000000\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"40\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"24\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Vollkorn\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"45\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"30\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"95\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"95\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"v8xp5cu\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>El <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Museo_Picasso_de_Par%C3%ADs\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Museo Picasso de Par\u00eds<\/a><\/span> conserva toda la correspondencia de Pablo con su madre, al igual que el mayor conjunto de documentos del artista. Mar\u00eda escrib\u00eda a su hijo con una casi obsesiva asiduidad, llegando a enviar hasta cuatro cartas semanales o incluso todos los d\u00edas, desde 1904 hasta 1938 (fecha de la muerte de la madre del artista). Todo este material que se custodia en el reci\u00e9n creado Centro de Estudios Picasso (en el Museo Nacional Picasso-Par\u00eds) permite conocer m\u00e1s en profundidad muchos de los aspectos de la compleja personalidad del malague\u00f1o gracias a su consulta y an\u00e1lisis. Hasta ahora, solo algunas han sido reproducidas y mostradas en la exposici\u00f3n titulada <em>Picasso, el extranjero<\/em> (2021), del <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/parispass.com\/es\/paris-attractions\/history-immigration-museum\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Museo de la Historia de la Inmigraci\u00f3n de Par\u00eds<\/a><\/span>. En la que aqu\u00ed reproducimos, fechada el 20 de diciembre de 1912, Mar\u00eda Picasso escribe a su hijo desde Barcelona:\u00a0<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"8evqdmi\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>Querido Pablo:\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Aunque no tengo ninguna tuya que contestar, te escribo hoy para enviarte el retrato de mi primo a ver qu\u00e9 te parece, y deseo, enseguida que lo recibas, me lo comuniques.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>En este momento recibimos carta de \u00bf? y nos dicen que est\u00e1n buenos y que el nene es tan travieso que tiene tanta fuerza que coge su ba\u00f1era y la arrastra por todo el cuarto. En fin, que ya est\u00e1 hecho un hombre.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Yo creo que t\u00fa te firmaras Ruiz Picasso [sic], pues antes, cuando escrib\u00edan algo de ti lo dec\u00edan, pero ahora no, que te dicen Pablo Picasso, y t\u00fa sabes que a pap\u00e1 eso no le importa, pero el otro d\u00eda dec\u00eda, \u00abes tonto que pierda su apellido, antiguo y noble como es Ruiz Almoguera\u00bb que ya recordar\u00e1s que el \u00e1rbol geneal\u00f3gico que ten\u00eda pap\u00e1 y que se lo mand\u00f3 a tu t\u00edo, que ahora lo tienen los ni\u00f1os, pero que el d\u00eda de ma\u00f1ana te pertenece a ti. \u00bfSabes lo que dice pap\u00e1? El hijo de ruin padre coge el apellido de la madre, pero esto lo dice en broma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Besos de tus padres.\u00a0<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"50\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"vu4747p\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>Madre generosa, ajena siempre al conflicto, amorosa con todos y muy familiar, sol\u00eda quitar hierro a que su hijo eligiera su apellido como un eterno homenaje para la historia.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>La \u00faltima vez que el artista la retrat\u00f3 fue en 1923. Mar\u00eda, con casi sesenta y ocho a\u00f1os, era ya una mujer anciana, de pelo cano y mirada cansada. Apenas tendr\u00edan tiempo para despedirse. El \u00e9xito de Pablo fue fulgurante. La <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guerra_civil_espa%C3%B1ola\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Guerra Civil<\/a><\/span> estall\u00f3 y este, exiliado en Francia, ya hab\u00eda mostrado al mundo su <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.museoreinasofia.es\/coleccion\/obra\/guernica\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><em>Guernica<\/em><\/a><\/span>. Mar\u00eda, imaginamos, orgullosa de su primog\u00e9nito, seguir\u00eda alent\u00e1ndole hasta el final de sus d\u00edas, recordando sin duda las primeras palabras que pronunci\u00f3 cuando apenas su peque\u00f1o y fr\u00e1gil hijo comenzaba a hablar:<em> \u00ab\u00a1Piz, piz!\u00bb<\/em>. Y\u202fel l\u00e1piz del genio, siempre afilado y dispuesto, comenzar\u00eda a esbozar a su musa con una sonrisa p\u00edcara en los labios.\u00a0<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"ev6omt6\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><strong>OTROS\u00a0CONTENIDOS DE INTER\u00c9S:<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/joaquin-sorolla-como-ver-lo-que-otros-no-ven-cesar-suarez\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Joaqu\u00edn Sorolla: c\u00f3mo ver lo que otros no ven<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/mary-woronov-andy-warhol\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Mi primera vez con Andy Warhol<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/ai-weiwei-memorias-el-barroquista\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Ai Weiwei: vivir en disidencia<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/stephane-breitwieser-ladron-arte\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">El incre\u00edble caso Breitwieser: robar por amor al arte (en sentido literal)<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/edward-hopper-por-mark-strand-aves-nocturnas\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Edward Hopper por Mark Strand: hay soledad en \u00abAves 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10 minutos
A la izquierda, foto del cuadro Madre con niño, de Pablo Picasso, en una muestra del Museo del Patrimonio de Hong Kong. Crédito: Getty Images. A la derecha, La madre del artista, de Pablo Picasso, año 1896. Crédito: Museu Picasso, Barcelona / Sucesión Picasso, VEGAP, Madrid, 2024.

A la izquierda, foto del cuadro Madre con niño, de Pablo Picasso, en una muestra del Museo del Patrimonio de Hong Kong. Crédito: Getty Images. A la derecha, La madre del artista, de Pablo Picasso, año 1896. Crédito: Museu Picasso, Barcelona / Sucesión Picasso, VEGAP, Madrid, 2024.

El arte es la mentira que nos permite comprender la verdad.

Pablo Picasso

La primera huelga general en España fue en 1855, iniciada en una Barcelona convulsa y proletaria que despertaba al movimiento obrero y que, años más tarde, acogería a uno de los mayores genios del arte universal. En ese año también nació la mujer más importante de la vida de Picasso, pues no en vano, el artista adoptaría para la eternidad el apellido de María Francisca Picasso López, su madre.  

María, malagueña, de complexión robusta, corta de estatura, extrovertida y amante de la lectura, el teatro y la costura, era hija del también malagueño Francisco Picasso Guardeño (1825- 1888) y de Inés López Robles (1831-1902), de origen humilde y de una familia de barrileros del barrio de El Perchel. Don Francisco, comerciante y un hombre infiel por naturaleza, llegó a tener un sinfín de hijos ilegítimos en La Habana (lugar a donde emigró para trabajar como funcionario de aduanas). Firme defensor de los derechos de los negros, se trasladó posteriormente a Cienfuegos (sur de Cuba), donde falleció de fiebre amarilla en el Hospital de la Caridad.  

Francisco era el quinto de los hijos de Tommaso (bisabuelo del genial pintor), natural de Sori (Génova), y un amante de la mar que llegó a ser capitán de barco, y de María Guardeño, nacida en Cabra (Córdoba) y físicamente muy parecida al genio. El matrimonio Picasso Guardeño tuvo seis hijos, el primero, Juan Bautista, también fue marino como su padre, y padre, a su vez, de un prestigioso general de la Armada española, Juan Picasso González, quien fue conocido por el informe que lleva el ilustre apellido del genio y que realizó sobre el desastre de Annual de 1921, que trajo como consecuencia el golpe de Estado de Primo de Rivera.

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María Picasso había contraído nupcias, el 8 de diciembre de 1880 en Málaga, con José Ruiz Blasco, octavo de once hermanos nacidos del matrimonio del cordobés Diego Ruiz Almoguera y de María de la Paz Blasco y Echevarría, procedente de Arguijo (Soria). José era un hombre alto, delgado, de cabellos pelirrojos y de porte elegante al que llamaban el Inglés. De él aprendió Picasso su gusto por la pintura, por los toros y por el cante flamenco, que tan presente estará siempre en sus obras y en su vida.  

«Si te conviertes en soldado, serás general. Si te conviertes en cura, terminarás siendo papa», le repetía María a su hijo con la fe ciega que solo una madre dispensa a sus vástagos más amados. Pablo completó, años más tarde, el buen augurio de su madre: «En lugar de todo eso fui pintor y me convertí en Picasso». Así, no fue difícil que Pablo sintiese por ella una ternura especial que forjó entre ambos un vínculo indestructible, una fascinación obsesiva que se extendió al universo femenino en que creció y del que el artista se rodeó siempre con constante insistencia.  

Pablo (llamado así en homenaje a un tío suyo sacerdote fallecido dos años antes) fue el mayor de tres hermanos, el varón y el predilecto de su madre. No en vano a punto estuvo de morir nada más nacer, pues el genio vino al mundo apenas sin respiración en un cuarto del número 15 de la plaza de la Merced de Málaga. Le salvó la vida su tío paterno Salvador, médico de profesión, que asistió a María en el parto.  

A la izquierda, Picasso en su estudio de Vallauris, Francia, en 1950. A la derecha, Picasso en su casa La Californie, en la región francesa de Provenza-Alpes-Costa Azul, en 1957. Crédito: Getty Images.

A la izquierda, Picasso en su estudio de Vallauris, Francia, en 1950. A la derecha, Picasso en su casa La Californie, en la región francesa de Provenza-Alpes-Costa Azul, en 1957. Crédito: Getty Images.

Tres años después, en 1884, nació su hermana Lola, coincidiendo con el gran terremoto que se produjo en Málaga el día de Navidad, y que hizo que toda la familia se trasladase al domicilio del pintor Muñoz Degrain, en la cercana calle de la Victoria. Allí fue a nacer Lola, apodada la Terremótica, tres años menor que Pablo y a quien también adoraba, convirtiéndose en estos primeros años en su compañera inseparable de juegos y travesuras.  

Por estas fechas, la familia se trasladó al número 32 de la misma plaza de la Merced, donde también residían sus tías maternas Eladia y Heliodora y su abuela Inés. Pablito tuvo otra tía más, la mayor, Aurelia, que, junto a su marido, el joyero de origen italiano Baldomero Ghiara del Peral, ayudó a su sobrino a costear su formación en la Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando de Madrid. Todas ellas cuidaron con enorme mimo del pequeño Pablo, siempre sobreprotegido, el centro de atención de sus historias, y un niño muy despierto y habilidoso con las manualidades. De hecho, sus tías Eladia y Heliodora trabajaban cosiendo en su domicilio los galones de los uniformes de la compañía de ferrocarriles que Pablo recortaba y dibujaba con tremenda habilidad.

«Si te conviertes en soldado, serás general. Si te conviertes en cura, terminarás siendo papa», le repetía María a su hijo con la fe ciega que solo una madre dispensa a sus vástagos más amados. Pablo completó, años más tarde, el buen augurio de su madre.

A este ambiente femenino se vino a sumar el nacimiento de la pequeña de sus hermanas, su querida Conchita, seis años menor que él, pero a la que estaba muy unido. Sin embargo, la desgracia se cernió sobre ella, pues falleció de difteria sin haber cumplido los ocho años, en 1895, cuando ya la familia se había trasladado a La Coruña como consecuencia del nuevo trabajo de su padre, profesor de dibujo en la Escuela de Bellas Artes de la localidad gallega. El hecho trágico del fallecimiento de su hermana pequeña marcaría la vida del joven Pablo hasta tal punto que llamó Concepción a la primera hija que tuvo, fruto de su relación con Marie-Thérèse Walter (niña que sería conocida más tarde por el apelativo cariñoso de Maya).  

Picasso fue desde siempre un joven despierto e inquieto, valiente y decidido al igual que lo era su madre, una mujer apasionada, de fuerte carácter y con quien el genio tenía un buen parecido físico. Disciplinado, trabajaba incansable al desaliento durante horas, garabateando el papel y empleando como modelos a sus hermanas y progenitores. María guardó celosamente muchos de esos dibujos en los que solía aparecer representada de perfil, de medio cuerpo, con el cabello negro azabache recogido en un moño a mediana altura y haciendo tareas de costura, leyendo o incluso dormida. Estos primeros apuntes, realizados al pastel, con lápiz negro o aguada, son fieles reflejos de los retratos, en el caso de su madre, de una mujer de su tiempo, de naturalidad desbordante e inquieta personalidad.  

Pablo Picasso en la comuna de Mougins, Francia, en 1966. Crédito: Getty Images.

Pablo Picasso en la comuna de Mougins, Francia, en 1966. Crédito: Getty Images.

La relación de Pablo y María, en estos primeros años de aprendizaje del artista, fue de absoluta comunión, cariño y admiración mutua. ¡Pablo tenía tanto de ella!, y no solo en su aspecto físico sino también en su apabullante temperamento. De este modo, y cuando el genio decidió abandonar Barcelona para instalarse definitivamente en París en 1904, la correspondencia entre ambos fue constante, acompañada de visitas bastante más escasas. Por ejemplo, en 1917, Picasso viajó a la Ciudad Condal con motivo de la actuación de los ballets rusos de Serguéi Diáguilev, compañía de la que era bailarina Olga Jojlova (también Khokhlova), amante por aquel entonces del artista y a la que había conocido meses antes en Roma. Parece ser que María Picasso aconsejó a ambos que no se casaran, a lo que hicieron caso omiso, terminando su relación, años después, debido a las constantes infidelidades del malagueño. María, que conocía muy bien a su hijo, sabía que las mujeres siempre le traerían de cabeza, al igual que ya había ocurrido con su abuelo.  

La madre de Picasso vivía entonces con su hija Lola, el marido de esta, el neurólogo Juan Vilató, y sus siete nietos. En la mente, incesante, su querido Pablo, triunfando en París y a quien le encantaba seguir el diario El Noticiero que, envuelto en una faja de papel, su madre le enviaba a través de alguno de sus nietos cuando les encargaba ir a correos.  

La relación de Pablo y María, en estos primeros años de aprendizaje del artista, fue de absoluta comunión, cariño y admiración mutua. ¡Pablo tenía tanto de ella!, y no solo en su aspecto físico sino también en su apabullante temperamento.

El Museo Picasso de París conserva toda la correspondencia de Pablo con su madre, al igual que el mayor conjunto de documentos del artista. María escribía a su hijo con una casi obsesiva asiduidad, llegando a enviar hasta cuatro cartas semanales o incluso todos los días, desde 1904 hasta 1938 (fecha de la muerte de la madre del artista). Todo este material que se custodia en el recién creado Centro de Estudios Picasso (en el Museo Nacional Picasso-París) permite conocer más en profundidad muchos de los aspectos de la compleja personalidad del malagueño gracias a su consulta y análisis. Hasta ahora, solo algunas han sido reproducidas y mostradas en la exposición titulada Picasso, el extranjero (2021), del Museo de la Historia de la Inmigración de París. En la que aquí reproducimos, fechada el 20 de diciembre de 1912, María Picasso escribe a su hijo desde Barcelona: 

Querido Pablo:  

Aunque no tengo ninguna tuya que contestar, te escribo hoy para enviarte el retrato de mi primo a ver qué te parece, y deseo, enseguida que lo recibas, me lo comuniques.  

En este momento recibimos carta de ¿? y nos dicen que están buenos y que el nene es tan travieso que tiene tanta fuerza que coge su bañera y la arrastra por todo el cuarto. En fin, que ya está hecho un hombre.  

Yo creo que tú te firmaras Ruiz Picasso [sic], pues antes, cuando escribían algo de ti lo decían, pero ahora no, que te dicen Pablo Picasso, y tú sabes que a papá eso no le importa, pero el otro día decía, «es tonto que pierda su apellido, antiguo y noble como es Ruiz Almoguera» que ya recordarás que el árbol genealógico que tenía papá y que se lo mandó a tu tío, que ahora lo tienen los niños, pero que el día de mañana te pertenece a ti. ¿Sabes lo que dice papá? El hijo de ruin padre coge el apellido de la madre, pero esto lo dice en broma.  

Besos de tus padres. 

Madre generosa, ajena siempre al conflicto, amorosa con todos y muy familiar, solía quitar hierro a que su hijo eligiera su apellido como un eterno homenaje para la historia.  

La última vez que el artista la retrató fue en 1923. María, con casi sesenta y ocho años, era ya una mujer anciana, de pelo cano y mirada cansada. Apenas tendrían tiempo para despedirse. El éxito de Pablo fue fulgurante. La Guerra Civil estalló y este, exiliado en Francia, ya había mostrado al mundo su Guernica. María, imaginamos, orgullosa de su primogénito, seguiría alentándole hasta el final de sus días, recordando sin duda las primeras palabras que pronunció cuando apenas su pequeño y frágil hijo comenzaba a hablar: «¡Piz, piz!». Y el lápiz del genio, siempre afilado y dispuesto, comenzaría a esbozar a su musa con una sonrisa pícara en los labios. 

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