Mapa de las Lenguas 2021

José Carlos Yrigoyen: «Mejor el fuego», la memoria que no quisimos

Todo mapa es una representación del mundo que refleja la visión de quien lo dibuja, y el Mapa de las Lenguas no tiene fronteras ni capitales: trece libros, un año y un territorio común para la literatura de veintiún países que comparten un idioma con tantas voces y lenguas como hablantes. Invitados por LENGUA, los autores de esta edición exponen su geografía literaria. Aquí, José Carlos Yrigoyen sobre su novela «Mejor el fuego».

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style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/4241-jose-carlos-yrigoyen\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">JOS\u00c9 CARLOS YRIGOYEN<br \/><br 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style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\">Siempre quise escribir un libro que ocurriera en el Per\u00fa de los a\u00f1os noventa. Como todos los que pertenecen a mi generaci\u00f3n, crec\u00ed en una \u00e9poca que, a diferencia de la que vivieron nuestros padres, estuvo signada por una relativa estabilidad y por una paz que \u2014lo sab\u00edamos, pero en un primer momento nos cost\u00f3 aceptarlo\u2014 era la paz de los cementerios. En esa paz del silencio comprado, de la indiferencia como pacto, nos conocimos, bailamos, nos enamoramos, nos estimulamos y nos resignamos. No tengo un buen concepto de lo que hicimos en los noventa; sin embargo, peor es lo que dejamos de hacer. Es verdad que al final nos cansamos y contribuimos a la ca\u00edda del dictador que amenazaba con eternizarse en su puesto. Luego adoptamos esa pasividad que hemos confundido con la felicidad. Porque en eso tenemos que ser claros: no hemos sido felices.<\/p><p>Algunas personas que se acercaron a <em>Mejor el fuego<\/em> me confiesan que no ha sido f\u00e1cil de leer. Incluso que se han visto tentados a cerrar el libro en alg\u00fan momento y no continuar. Me parece l\u00f3gico si consideramos que para m\u00ed tambi\u00e9n fue muy dif\u00edcil escribirlo y no desfallecer entre todos esos amores violentos y apropiaciones carnales que narraba. Aunque no es un texto autobiogr\u00e1fico, ni un volumen de autoficci\u00f3n, s\u00ed es un libro cuyo territorio est\u00e1 establecido en la memoria. M\u00e1s bien: en la construcci\u00f3n de una memoria que sin ser necesariamente la m\u00eda recoge ciertos fantasmas que me acosan y me despiertan a veces en medio de la noche.<\/p><p>Uno no escribe para conjurar espectros ni como sustituto del psicoan\u00e1lisis. Por lo menos no es mi caso. Escribo m\u00e1s bien para regodearme en lo que me duele, en lo que no me faculta al placer del que todos beben. Como el innominado personaje de mi libro, ese narrador nada fiable que cuenta sus secretos, creo que en lo que relatamos debemos no solamente desnudarnos, sino humillarnos. Que la denigraci\u00f3n admite una poes\u00eda distinta e intransferible de la que es un deleite participar. Quien busque una historia est\u00e1ndar en este libro no la hallar\u00e1: es m\u00e1s, traicionar\u00e1 todas las expectativas del que quiera solazarse con una aventura urbana y juvenil, aristot\u00e9lica y sellada. Quien busque el desarrollo de un personaje seg\u00fan las normas de la psicolog\u00eda de los protagonistas de una ficci\u00f3n se dar\u00e1 un chasco. Aqu\u00ed solo existe un presente perpetuo, cerrado, inm\u00f3vil, irrespirable. Eso fueron los a\u00f1os noventa en el Per\u00fa y es el modo, en mi opini\u00f3n correcto, de ilustrarlos y sumergirnos en su caliginosa esencia.<\/p><p>La violencia sexual que inunda esta novela no es un recurso para atrapar al lector dispuesto a saciar su morbo, aunque acepto que hay cap\u00edtulos que podr\u00edan aparecer como cuentos en alguna improbable p\u00e1gina de internet dedicada a esos juegos solitarios. Es m\u00e1s bien la met\u00e1fora de lo que una sociedad secuestrada y envilecida hace a sus hijos hasta en los actos m\u00e1s privados de sus existencias. Y esto no se limita a los insolentes y contestatarios.\u00a0 Hay que recordar lo que dec\u00eda Pasolini: \u00abLa sociedad no solo castiga a sus hijos rebeldes, sino tambi\u00e9n a los retra\u00eddos e indiferentes\u00bb.<\/p><p>Justamente de eso trata <span style=\\\"text-decoration-line: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/literatura-contemporanea\/89-mejor-el-fuego-9786124271472\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">este 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6 minutos

Por  José Carlos Yrigoyen

Crédito: Greta Dienstmayer.

Por JOSÉ CARLOS YRIGOYEN

Siempre quise escribir un libro que ocurriera en el Perú de los años noventa. Como todos los que pertenecen a mi generación, crecí en una época que, a diferencia de la que vivieron nuestros padres, estuvo signada por una relativa estabilidad y por una paz que —lo sabíamos, pero en un primer momento nos costó aceptarlo— era la paz de los cementerios. En esa paz del silencio comprado, de la indiferencia como pacto, nos conocimos, bailamos, nos enamoramos, nos estimulamos y nos resignamos. No tengo un buen concepto de lo que hicimos en los noventa; sin embargo, peor es lo que dejamos de hacer. Es verdad que al final nos cansamos y contribuimos a la caída del dictador que amenazaba con eternizarse en su puesto. Luego adoptamos esa pasividad que hemos confundido con la felicidad. Porque en eso tenemos que ser claros: no hemos sido felices.

Algunas personas que se acercaron a Mejor el fuego me confiesan que no ha sido fácil de leer. Incluso que se han visto tentados a cerrar el libro en algún momento y no continuar. Me parece lógico si consideramos que para mí también fue muy difícil escribirlo y no desfallecer entre todos esos amores violentos y apropiaciones carnales que narraba. Aunque no es un texto autobiográfico, ni un volumen de autoficción, sí es un libro cuyo territorio está establecido en la memoria. Más bien: en la construcción de una memoria que sin ser necesariamente la mía recoge ciertos fantasmas que me acosan y me despiertan a veces en medio de la noche.

Uno no escribe para conjurar espectros ni como sustituto del psicoanálisis. Por lo menos no es mi caso. Escribo más bien para regodearme en lo que me duele, en lo que no me faculta al placer del que todos beben. Como el innominado personaje de mi libro, ese narrador nada fiable que cuenta sus secretos, creo que en lo que relatamos debemos no solamente desnudarnos, sino humillarnos. Que la denigración admite una poesía distinta e intransferible de la que es un deleite participar. Quien busque una historia estándar en este libro no la hallará: es más, traicionará todas las expectativas del que quiera solazarse con una aventura urbana y juvenil, aristotélica y sellada. Quien busque el desarrollo de un personaje según las normas de la psicología de los protagonistas de una ficción se dará un chasco. Aquí solo existe un presente perpetuo, cerrado, inmóvil, irrespirable. Eso fueron los años noventa en el Perú y es el modo, en mi opinión correcto, de ilustrarlos y sumergirnos en su caliginosa esencia.

La violencia sexual que inunda esta novela no es un recurso para atrapar al lector dispuesto a saciar su morbo, aunque acepto que hay capítulos que podrían aparecer como cuentos en alguna improbable página de internet dedicada a esos juegos solitarios. Es más bien la metáfora de lo que una sociedad secuestrada y envilecida hace a sus hijos hasta en los actos más privados de sus existencias. Y esto no se limita a los insolentes y contestatarios.  Hay que recordar lo que decía Pasolini: «La sociedad no solo castiga a sus hijos rebeldes, sino también a los retraídos e indiferentes».

Justamente de eso trata este libro.

Este año, en un mundo que está cerrando sus fronteras, asomarnos a otros territorios a través de la palabra cobra más relevancia que nunca. Mapa de las Lenguas es una colección panhispánica global que presenta la mejor literatura de veintiún países que comparten el idioma. Pero es, sobre todo, un itinerario de viaje por trece de los libros que el año pasado tuvieron mayor trascendencia en su país de origen y que, a lo largo del 2021, recorrerán el resto del ámbito del español.

Adentrarse en la obra de estas trece voces es transitar un territorio físico, tangible, pero también un espacio moral, intelectual, anímico, político y sociocultural. La lectura de un autor contemporáneo de cualquier país de habla hispana es una ventana a una forma de expresarse y escribir en español, pero también un modo de tomarle la temperatura a las preocupaciones y los anhelos de cada uno de esos lugares. 

Mapas de las Lenguas 2021

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