No ficción

¿Quién inventó la amenaza migrante? Jorge Volpi contra la política del miedo

No vienen de otra galaxia ni avanzan como una horda dispuesta a conquistar Occidente. Son personas. Migrantes, refugiados, trabajadores, familias que huyen de la violencia, la pobreza o la intemperie del mundo. En «Invasión alienígena» (EnDebate, junio de 2026), Jorge Volpi desmonta una de las ficciones políticas más persistentes de nuestro tiempo: la idea de que la migración amenaza las fronteras, destruye empleos, dispara el crimen o pone en peligro una supuesta identidad nacional. Con la precisión del ensayo y la potencia de la literatura, el autor mexicano se adentra en el lenguaje del miedo para revelar cómo se fabrica un enemigo y cómo esa construcción acaba justificando muros, exclusiones y violencias. LENGUA publica el prólogo del libro, un texto de intensidad inquietante que reproduce, hasta llevarlo al absurdo, la retórica deshumanizadora contra los migrantes. La pregunta que deja Volpi es urgente: ¿el problema es la migración o quienes necesitan convertirla en amenaza?

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LENGUA publica el pr\u00f3logo del libro, un texto de intensidad inquietante que reproduce, hasta llevarlo al absurdo, la ret\u00f3rica deshumanizadora contra los migrantes. 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aqu\u00ed, entre nosotros. Reptan, pululan y se reproducen en nuestras capitales, pueblos y vecindarios. Si aguzas un poco la mirada, los distinguir\u00e1s en ese helado rinc\u00f3n, en aquel barrio degradado, en aquella astrosa esquina. Se parecen a nosotros, gimen, claman, lloriquean y r\u00eden como nosotros, pero no son como nosotros: escr\u00fatalos con paciencia y en lo profundo de sus ojos advertir\u00e1s su verdadera naturaleza. Su diferencia. Se han infiltrado en grandes oleadas o a trav\u00e9s de un goteo incesante, hormiga, sin que los pol\u00edticos \u2013justo quienes juraron protegernos\u2013 hagan el menor esfuerzo por frenarlos. Vienen de lejanas regiones del cosmos en misi\u00f3n de saqueo y de conquista: ans\u00edan controlarnos, minar nuestra armon\u00eda, carcomer nuestros valores, adue\u00f1arse de nuestra prosperidad \u2013las \u00faltimas migajas de riqueza que nos quedan\u2013, desmantelar nuestra gloria, colonizarnos sin que opongamos resistencia. Sus machos codician y acosan a nuestras mujeres, ansiosos por infestarlas con sus genes, mientras sus hembras seducen y enfebrecen a nuestros j\u00f3venes, orill\u00e1ndolos hacia el vicio o el crimen. Nos contaminan con sus hedores, creencias y vicios, o con la fidelidad a sus gur\u00fas y sus profetas. M\u00edralos, est\u00e1n ah\u00ed, y ah\u00ed tambi\u00e9n. A tu vera y a tus espaldas. Como perros sarnosos, cada vez nos temen menos y se aproximan sin recato a nuestros jardines, templos y colegios. A nuestros cuerpos. Al inicio podr\u00edan haber parecido una molestia menor, un zumbido inocuo y persistente, en ocasiones un mal necesario en tiempos de cosecha o de vendimia; ahora se pertrechan en enjambres que los regurgitan cada ma\u00f1ana y a los cuales retornan por la noche en busca de impunidad y de cobijo. Nadie se atreve a irrumpir en sus madrigueras. Traen consigo sus rituales y atavismos y no tienen la menor voluntad de abandonarlos: jam\u00e1s lograr\u00e1n asimilarse, compartir nuestra cultura y nuestras libertades, atemperar su furia, su dejadez o su impudicia. Musitan dialectos ininteligibles o balbucen acentos pedregosos, les rezan a dioses inclementes, nos arrebatan oportunidades y empleos, vac\u00edan las arcas de la seguridad social, enturbian el ambiente de nuestras escuelas y nos niegan el leg\u00edtimo derecho a subsistir como pueblo. 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qu\u00e9 lo permitimos? \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 les abrimos nuestras puertas, les entregamos nuestras tierras y ahorros, los civilizamos y curamos, los preferimos a los nuestros? \u00bfAcaso ellos har\u00edan lo mismo? Aseguran haber surcado el inconcebible universo, bordeando supernovas y agujeros negros, huyendo de matarifes y sicarios, pero \u00bfqui\u00e9n nos asegura que no son matarifes y sicarios ellos mismos? \u00bfQue no cargan consigo los bacilos de la guerra y de la inquina? \u00bfQue no falsean con descaro su persecuci\u00f3n o su desgracia? Son tantos, ya tantos: pronto nos superar\u00e1n en n\u00famero y entonces seremos minor\u00eda en sociedades que ya en nada se parecer\u00e1n a las que con tanto ah\u00ednco \u2013y tanta sangre\u2013 hemos modelado. \u00bfTe das cuenta? No importa ad\u00f3nde dirijas tu mirada: se trata de la mayor invasi\u00f3n de la historia, nunca nos hab\u00edan amenazado hordas tan salvajes, tan violentas. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 nadie los detiene? \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 nadie les pone freno? La mayor\u00eda son delincuentes, violadores y asesinos, o han extraviado la raz\u00f3n y la moral: su destino yace en la c\u00e1rcel o el manicomio. Nadie pide que los exterminen, no somos b\u00e1rbaros, solo que alguien los contenga. Que las autoridades refuercen nuestros baluartes y murallas, patrullen nuestras costas, clausuren nuestro espacio a\u00e9reo. \u00bfNo es esto lo que distingue a una naci\u00f3n fuerte y orgullosa? Sus fronteras celosamente resguardadas. Sus linderos impenetrables. Sus centinelas, guardias y vig\u00edas. D\u00e9jennos en paz: eso exigimos. Que vuelen de regreso a sus galaxias y sus sistemas planetarios y sean felices \u2013o miserables\u2013 all\u00ed donde pertenecen. Y, si no, que se atengan a las consecuencias: el imperio de la ley es nuestra sola prioridad. Aunque quiz\u00e1 sea demasiado tarde. Son millones de par\u00e1sitos. Nos rodean. Nos observan. Nos acosan. Nos carcomen. Nos asfixian. Se preparan para aniquilarnos desde adentro. Est\u00e1n aqu\u00ed, entre nosotros.<\/em><\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"mfh3qmv\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><strong>OTROS\u00a0CONTENIDOS DE INTER\u00c9S:<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/entrevistas\/la-imaginacion-de-jorge-volpi-mueve-el-mundo\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">La imaginaci\u00f3n (de Jorge Volpi) mueve el mundo<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/literatura\/las-hermanas-bronte-jorge-volpi-la-invencion-de-todas-las-cosas\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Las hermanas Bront\u00eb y la ferocidad de su tiempo: narrativa g\u00f3tica contra el patriarcado<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/roberto-bolano-jorge-volpi\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Que cada lector elija a su Bola\u00f1o: un perfil de Jorge Volpi<\/a><\/span><\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"solid\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"lg490hz\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_layout\":\"\",\"stretch_section\":\"section-stretched\",\"layout\":\"full_width\",\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"gap\":\"default\",\"height\":\"default\",\"custom_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":400},\"column_position\":\"middle\",\"content_position\":\"\",\"structure\":\"10\",\"section_background\":\"\",\"background_background\":\"\",\"background_color\":\"\",\"background_color_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0},\"background_color_b\":\"\",\"background_color_b_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"background_gradient_type\":\"linear\",\"background_gradient_angle\":{\"unit\":\"deg\",\"size\":180},\"background_gradient_position\":\"center 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5 minutos

Por  Jorge Volpi

Agentes federales interrogan a un inmigrante ecuatoriano tras su comparecencia ante un tribunal, el 25 de septiembre de 2025, en Nueva York. Crédito: Getty Images.

Agentes federales interrogan a un inmigrante ecuatoriano tras su comparecencia ante un tribunal, el 25 de septiembre de 2025, en Nueva York. Crédito: Getty Images.

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Están aquí, entre nosotros. Reptan, pululan y se reproducen en nuestras capitales, pueblos y vecindarios. Si aguzas un poco la mirada, los distinguirás en ese helado rincón, en aquel barrio degradado, en aquella astrosa esquina. Se parecen a nosotros, gimen, claman, lloriquean y ríen como nosotros, pero no son como nosotros: escrútalos con paciencia y en lo profundo de sus ojos advertirás su verdadera naturaleza. Su diferencia. Se han infiltrado en grandes oleadas o a través de un goteo incesante, hormiga, sin que los políticos –justo quienes juraron protegernos– hagan el menor esfuerzo por frenarlos. Vienen de lejanas regiones del cosmos en misión de saqueo y de conquista: ansían controlarnos, minar nuestra armonía, carcomer nuestros valores, adueñarse de nuestra prosperidad –las últimas migajas de riqueza que nos quedan–, desmantelar nuestra gloria, colonizarnos sin que opongamos resistencia. Sus machos codician y acosan a nuestras mujeres, ansiosos por infestarlas con sus genes, mientras sus hembras seducen y enfebrecen a nuestros jóvenes, orillándolos hacia el vicio o el crimen. Nos contaminan con sus hedores, creencias y vicios, o con la fidelidad a sus gurús y sus profetas. Míralos, están ahí, y ahí también. A tu vera y a tus espaldas. Como perros sarnosos, cada vez nos temen menos y se aproximan sin recato a nuestros jardines, templos y colegios. A nuestros cuerpos. Al inicio podrían haber parecido una molestia menor, un zumbido inocuo y persistente, en ocasiones un mal necesario en tiempos de cosecha o de vendimia; ahora se pertrechan en enjambres que los regurgitan cada mañana y a los cuales retornan por la noche en busca de impunidad y de cobijo. Nadie se atreve a irrumpir en sus madrigueras. Traen consigo sus rituales y atavismos y no tienen la menor voluntad de abandonarlos: jamás lograrán asimilarse, compartir nuestra cultura y nuestras libertades, atemperar su furia, su dejadez o su impudicia. Musitan dialectos ininteligibles o balbucen acentos pedregosos, les rezan a dioses inclementes, nos arrebatan oportunidades y empleos, vacían las arcas de la seguridad social, enturbian el ambiente de nuestras escuelas y nos niegan el legítimo derecho a subsistir como pueblo. Y lo peor: se reproducen con fruición mientras nos abotagamos, derrotados, y dejamos que nos sustituyan poco a poco. 

  • ¡En oferta!

Invasión alienígena (Serie ENDEBATE)

Una lúcida exploración sobre las fronteras, la identidad y las ficciones que nos dividen.
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PEN 27.90

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¿Por qué lo permitimos? ¿Por qué les abrimos nuestras puertas, les entregamos nuestras tierras y ahorros, los civilizamos y curamos, los preferimos a los nuestros? ¿Acaso ellos harían lo mismo? Aseguran haber surcado el inconcebible universo, bordeando supernovas y agujeros negros, huyendo de matarifes y sicarios, pero ¿quién nos asegura que no son matarifes y sicarios ellos mismos? ¿Que no cargan consigo los bacilos de la guerra y de la inquina? ¿Que no falsean con descaro su persecución o su desgracia? Son tantos, ya tantos: pronto nos superarán en número y entonces seremos minoría en sociedades que ya en nada se parecerán a las que con tanto ahínco –y tanta sangre– hemos modelado. ¿Te das cuenta? No importa adónde dirijas tu mirada: se trata de la mayor invasión de la historia, nunca nos habían amenazado hordas tan salvajes, tan violentas. ¿Por qué nadie los detiene? ¿Por qué nadie les pone freno? La mayoría son delincuentes, violadores y asesinos, o han extraviado la razón y la moral: su destino yace en la cárcel o el manicomio. Nadie pide que los exterminen, no somos bárbaros, solo que alguien los contenga. Que las autoridades refuercen nuestros baluartes y murallas, patrullen nuestras costas, clausuren nuestro espacio aéreo. ¿No es esto lo que distingue a una nación fuerte y orgullosa? Sus fronteras celosamente resguardadas. Sus linderos impenetrables. Sus centinelas, guardias y vigías. Déjennos en paz: eso exigimos. Que vuelen de regreso a sus galaxias y sus sistemas planetarios y sean felices –o miserables– allí donde pertenecen. Y, si no, que se atengan a las consecuencias: el imperio de la ley es nuestra sola prioridad. Aunque quizá sea demasiado tarde. Son millones de parásitos. Nos rodean. Nos observan. Nos acosan. Nos carcomen. Nos asfixian. Se preparan para aniquilarnos desde adentro. Están aquí, entre nosotros.

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