Cine y series

Un alien, un profesor y una misión imposible: el fenómeno Andy Weir

Un profesor despierta solo en una nave espacial, sin memoria y con una certeza inquietante: su misión es salvar al Sol. Así arranca «Proyecto Hail Mary» (Nova), la novela con la que Andy Weir, autor de «El marciano», volvió a conquistar a millones de lectores en todo el mundo. Admirado por figuras como Brandon Sanderson y George R. R. Martin, Weir combina rigor científico, humor y una narración ágil para construir una aventura que es, al mismo tiempo, una carrera contrarreloj contra la extinción. En el corazón de la historia late también una inesperada amistad: la de un humano y un extraterrestre que deberán colaborar para sobrevivir. Ahora [marzo de 2026], el fenómeno salta al cine con «Proyecto Salvación», protagonizada por Ryan Gosling, confirmando el impacto cultural de una obra que celebra la inteligencia, la ciencia y la cooperación como únicas herramientas frente al desastre.

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En el coraz\u00f3n de la historia late tambi\u00e9n una inesperada amistad: la de un humano y un extraterrestre que deber\u00e1n colaborar para sobrevivir. 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style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><em><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/libros-de-ciencia-ficcion\/487029-libro-proyecto-hail-mary-edicion-ilustrada-9788410466241\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Proyecto Hail Mary<\/a><\/em><\/span> forma parte de una larga tradici\u00f3n de novelas que imaginan el fin de la humanidad a manos de criaturas procedentes de otro mundo. Desde la pionera <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><em><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/libros-de-ciencia-ficcion\/250155-ebook-la-guerra-de-los-mundos-9788491055402\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">La guerra de los mundos<\/a><\/em><\/span> (1898) de <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/444-hg-wells\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">H. G. Wells<\/a><\/span>, hasta la trilog\u00eda <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><em><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/libros-de-ciencia-ficcion\/10840-libro-el-problema-de-los-tres-cuerpos-trilogia-de-los-tres-cuerpos-1-9788466659734\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">El problema de los tres cuerpos<\/a><\/em><\/span> (2016) de <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/5984-cixin-liu\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Cixin Liu<\/a><\/span>, son incontables los libros que han narrado nuestro exterminio. A pesar de esta ingente cantidad de obras, el libro de <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/5792-andy-weir\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Weir<\/a><\/span> plantea una propuesta verdaderamente original: los enemigos no son seres con una tecnolog\u00eda superior, sino microorganismos extraterrestres <em>comesoles<\/em>. Una singular propuesta que adem\u00e1s est\u00e1 basada enteramente en la ciencia: si hay algo que caracteriza la obra de Andy Weir es que su fuente de inspiraci\u00f3n, de d\u00f3nde surgen sus historias, ha sido siempre el conocimiento cient\u00edfico y la tecnolog\u00eda.\u00a0<\/p><p>Una pasi\u00f3n que ya vivi\u00f3 desde peque\u00f1o en su propio hogar, con un padre f\u00edsico de part\u00edculas y una madre ingeniera el\u00e9ctrica. Fue adem\u00e1s un temprano lector de ciencia ficci\u00f3n, con predilecci\u00f3n por libros como <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><em><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/libros-de-ciencia-ficcion\/35264-libro-bovedas-de-acero-serie-de-los-robots-2-9788497937306\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Las b\u00f3vedas de acero<\/a><\/em><\/span> (1954) de <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/394-isaac-asimov\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Isaac Asimov<\/a><\/span>, o <em>Rebeli\u00f3n en el espacio<\/em> de <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_A._Heinlein\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Robert A. Heinlein<\/a><\/span> (1949). Su devoci\u00f3n por los ordenadores le llev\u00f3 despu\u00e9s a estudiar inform\u00e1tica en la Universidad de California en San Diego, pero se qued\u00f3 sin dinero antes de poder terminar la carrera. En busca de ingresos estables, se dedic\u00f3 a la programaci\u00f3n y trabaj\u00f3 para distintas empresas de videojuegos. Entretanto, se divert\u00eda publicando en su web sus propios textos, entre ellos cap\u00edtulos gratuitos de <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><em><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/libros-de-ciencia-ficcion\/10632-libro-el-marciano-9788466655057\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">El marciano<\/a><\/em><\/span>. Como gustaron a muchos de sus lectores, subi\u00f3 el libro completo a Amazon, cobrando 99 centavos. En pocos meses, vendi\u00f3 m\u00e1s de treinta mil copias. Esto llam\u00f3 la atenci\u00f3n de un agente literario que se ofreci\u00f3 a ayudarle a conseguir un contrato para publicar el libro. 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marciano<\/em> vendi\u00f3 unos cinco millones de copias en Norteam\u00e9rica, y su adaptaci\u00f3n cinematogr\u00e1fica fue dirigida por <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/es-es\/name\/nm0000631\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Ridley Scott<\/a><\/span> y protagonizada por <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/es-es\/name\/nm0000354\/?ref_=fn_t_1\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Matt Damon<\/a><\/span>. En esencia, <em>El Marciano<\/em> era una nueva versi\u00f3n del Robinson Crusoe pero en Marte. Un hombre completamente solo que lucha por la supervivencia en un entorno hostil y que se sirve de sus conocimientos cient\u00edficos para poder vivir un d\u00eda m\u00e1s. La soledad, como veremos, es un tema recurrente en su obra, quiz\u00e1 porque Weir la ha experimentado de cerca, primero cambiando constantemente de casa y de colegio tras el divorcio de sus padres, y luego viviendo por su cuenta. Como \u00e9l mismo ha revelado en algunas entrevistas: \u00abUna de las principales razones por las que el aislamiento es un tema tan recurrente en mis libros es que pas\u00e9 gran parte de mi vida solo sin quererlo\u00bb.<\/p><p>Con esta novela demostr\u00f3 que era un dotado escritor de la llamada ciencia ficci\u00f3n dura. Un subg\u00e9nero que surgi\u00f3 a mediados de los a\u00f1os cincuenta del pasado siglo y que se basa en el rigor cient\u00edfico. 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Todo adem\u00e1s siempre narrado con el peculiar sentido del humor de Weir, que hace a sus personajes cercanos y, digamos, dignos de darles un achuch\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/p><p>De hecho, esto es lo que m\u00e1s se ha explotado en la versi\u00f3n cinematogr\u00e1fica dirigida por <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/es-es\/name\/nm0520488\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Phil Lord<\/a><\/span> y <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/es-es\/name\/nm0588087\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Christopher Miller<\/a><\/span>, y que en Espa\u00f1a se ha titulado <em>Proyecto Salvaci\u00f3n<\/em>. En ella la soledad no es la premisa principal, sino la camarader\u00eda, quiz\u00e1 un tanto infantil, entre el astronauta interpretado por <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/es-es\/name\/nm0331516\/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_1_tt_1_nm_6_in_0_q_ryan\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Ryan Gosling<\/a><\/span>, y la ara\u00f1a de piedra; dos colegas en el espacio a los que solo les falta beber cervezas mientras contemplan el atardecer, que colaborar\u00e1n en salvar sus dos mundos. La adaptaci\u00f3n resume con habilidad la trama de la novela y omite, de paso, todo el andamiaje cient\u00edfico que es la base de la novela Weir, y que en el filme apenas est\u00e1 apuntado. Potencia as\u00ed el lado emotivo de la aventura, desde la preparaci\u00f3n de la misi\u00f3n, hasta la relaci\u00f3n con el alien, en ocasiones m\u00e1s bien un perrito de compa\u00f1\u00eda. En la novela, sin embargo, la presencia de Rocky resultaba m\u00e1s crucial y sus conocimientos fundamentales para el descubrimiento de una especie de ameba que ayudar\u00e1 a acabar con los <em>astr\u00f3fagos<\/em>.\u00a0<\/p><p>Por otro lado, a la hora de escenificar la nave, se ha evitado al m\u00e1ximo el uso del croma \u2014un fondo verde que se utiliza en los estudios para luego insertar sobre \u00e9l im\u00e1genes digitales\u2014, en favor de escenarios f\u00edsicos. Esto ayuda a retratar de forma convincente la vida en una nave y tambi\u00e9n permite enormemente visualizar la novela. En este sentido, el filme es un complemento ideal para disfrutar del libro. <em>Proyecto salvaci\u00f3n<\/em> adem\u00e1s establece di\u00e1logos con numerosos filmes previos, caso de <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><em><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/es-es\/title\/tt0083866\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">E.T.<\/a><\/em><\/span>\u00a0(Steven Spielberg, 1982), por la relaci\u00f3n casi lacrim\u00f3gena con el extraterrestre; <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><em><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Encuentros en la tercera fase<\/a><\/em><\/span> (Steven Spielberg, 1977), por el tipo comunicaci\u00f3n en cierto modo musical con Rocky; e incluso con <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><em><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/es-es\/title\/tt0162222\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">N\u00e1ufrago<\/a><\/em><\/span> (Robert Zemeckis, 2000), por retratar la vida de un n\u00e1ufrago que, en vez de hablar a una pelota llamada <em>Wilson<\/em>, lo hace con una ara\u00f1a de piedra.<\/p><p>El personaje del profesor es, al igual que en el libro, un nerd con gafas ca\u00eddas e inseguro, un antih\u00e9roe que por supuesto luego demostrar\u00e1 valent\u00eda en los momentos finales de la historia. Un filme que tiene el \u00e9xito garantizado, tanto por el carisma y el sentido del humor de Gosling \u2014base del filme\u2014, como por una trama original y fresca dentro del cine de ciencia ficci\u00f3n.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"ll0k5p8\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><strong>OTROS\u00a0CONTENIDOS DE INTER\u00c9S:<\/strong><\/p><p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/cine-y-series\/frankenstein-mary-shelley-guillermo-del-toro\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Frankenstein, el eterno Prometeo: el monstruo en la era de la IA<\/a><\/span><\/p><p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/cine-y-series\/la-larga-marcha-stephen-king-primera-novela-pelicula\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Corre o muere: la larga (y sinuosa) marcha de Stephen King<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/recomendaciones\/lecturas\/grandes-historias-ciencia-ficcion-adaptadas-cine-television\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">De la tinta al p\u00edxel: grandes historias de ciencia ficci\u00f3n adaptadas al cine y la televisi\u00f3n<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/recomendaciones\/lecturas\/que-novela-de-ciencia-ficcion-leer-cuando-no-sabes-que-novela-de-ciencia-ficcion-leer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Qu\u00e9 novela de ciencia ficci\u00f3n leer cuando no sabes qu\u00e9 novela de ciencia ficci\u00f3n leer<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/cine-y-series\/cumbres-borrascosas-nueva-adaptacion-cine\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Un amor que no envejece: \u00abCumbres borrascosas\u00bb para la generaci\u00f3n Z<\/a><\/span><\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"solid\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"u1jf8tp\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_layout\":\"\",\"stretch_section\":\"section-stretched\",\"layout\":\"full_width\",\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"gap\":\"default\",\"height\":\"default\",\"custom_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":400},\"column_position\":\"middle\",\"content_position\":\"\",\"structure\":\"10\",\"section_background\":\"\",\"background_background\":\"\",\"background_color\":\"\",\"background_color_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0},\"background_color_b\":\"\",\"background_color_b_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"background_gradient_type\":\"linear\",\"background_gradient_angle\":{\"unit\":\"deg\",\"size\":180},\"background_gradient_position\":\"center 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10 minutos

Por  Daniel V. Villamediana

Ryland Grace (aka Ryan Gosling) a ojos de la ilustradora Maria Picassó i Piquer.

Ryland Grace (aka Ryan Gosling) a ojos de la ilustradora Maria Picassó i Piquer.

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Proyecto Hail Mary forma parte de una larga tradición de novelas que imaginan el fin de la humanidad a manos de criaturas procedentes de otro mundo. Desde la pionera La guerra de los mundos (1898) de H. G. Wells, hasta la trilogía El problema de los tres cuerpos (2016) de Cixin Liu, son incontables los libros que han narrado nuestro exterminio. A pesar de esta ingente cantidad de obras, el libro de Weir plantea una propuesta verdaderamente original: los enemigos no son seres con una tecnología superior, sino microorganismos extraterrestres comesoles. Una singular propuesta que además está basada enteramente en la ciencia: si hay algo que caracteriza la obra de Andy Weir es que su fuente de inspiración, de dónde surgen sus historias, ha sido siempre el conocimiento científico y la tecnología. 

Una pasión que ya vivió desde pequeño en su propio hogar, con un padre físico de partículas y una madre ingeniera eléctrica. Fue además un temprano lector de ciencia ficción, con predilección por libros como Las bóvedas de acero (1954) de Isaac Asimov, o Rebelión en el espacio de Robert A. Heinlein (1949). Su devoción por los ordenadores le llevó después a estudiar informática en la Universidad de California en San Diego, pero se quedó sin dinero antes de poder terminar la carrera. En busca de ingresos estables, se dedicó a la programación y trabajó para distintas empresas de videojuegos. Entretanto, se divertía publicando en su web sus propios textos, entre ellos capítulos gratuitos de El marciano. Como gustaron a muchos de sus lectores, subió el libro completo a Amazon, cobrando 99 centavos. En pocos meses, vendió más de treinta mil copias. Esto llamó la atención de un agente literario que se ofreció a ayudarle a conseguir un contrato para publicar el libro. A partir ahí el éxito fue inmediato.

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Proyecto Hail Mary (edición ilustrada)

Proyecto Hail Mary (edición ilustrada)

Nueva edición de la obra maestra de Andy Weir, con las 2 ilustra ciones de Marc Simonetti incluidas en la versión de Subterranean Press. MÁS DE 5 MILLONES DE LECTORES EN TODO EL MUNDO. UNA GRAN PELÍCULA PROTAGONIZADA POR RYAN GOSLING. «La mejor obr...
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El marciano vendió unos cinco millones de copias en Norteamérica, y su adaptación cinematográfica fue dirigida por Ridley Scott y protagonizada por Matt Damon. En esencia, El Marciano era una nueva versión del Robinson Crusoe pero en Marte. Un hombre completamente solo que lucha por la supervivencia en un entorno hostil y que se sirve de sus conocimientos científicos para poder vivir un día más. La soledad, como veremos, es un tema recurrente en su obra, quizá porque Weir la ha experimentado de cerca, primero cambiando constantemente de casa y de colegio tras el divorcio de sus padres, y luego viviendo por su cuenta. Como él mismo ha revelado en algunas entrevistas: «Una de las principales razones por las que el aislamiento es un tema tan recurrente en mis libros es que pasé gran parte de mi vida solo sin quererlo».

Con esta novela demostró que era un dotado escritor de la llamada ciencia ficción dura. Un subgénero que surgió a mediados de los años cincuenta del pasado siglo y que se basa en el rigor científico. Son novelas creíbles y documentadas que huyen de elementos demasiado fantásticos. Así, para cada uno de sus libros, Weir realiza toda clase de complejos cálculos e investigaciones. Como dijo Aditya Sood, productor que trabajó en la adaptación cinematográfica de 2015 de El marciano: «Literalmente, primero hace los cálculos para la idea y luego construye el drama a su alrededor». Para esta novela incluso creó un software que calculaba las trayectorias de empuje constante del motor iónico de una nave espacial, y estudió imágenes satelitales de la NASA para trazar el recorrido de más de 3.200 kilómetros.

Tráiler oficial de Proyecto Salvación (Phil Lord y Christopher Miller, 2026). Crédito: cortesía de Sony Pictures España.

Tras el éxito de El marciano, publicó Artemisa (2017), donde intentó desarrollar una trama más compleja y con más personajes situada en una ciudad de la luna. No tuvo tanto éxito como en su novela anterior, lo que provocó que regresara a su fórmula predilecta: el aislamiento en el espacio + solución de problemas. Con Proyecto Hail Mary, tuvo que investigar todavía más a fondo que en anteriores libros, ya que la novela le obligaba a abarcar un montón de ciencias diferentes: física, relatividad, mecánica cuántica, biología, química, etc. La historia, que se cuenta en dos niveles temporales, primero en la nave espacial, y luego a través de flashbacks situados cronológicamente antes del viaje, sigue a Ryland Grace, un profesor de ciencias de colegio que despierta solo en una nave espacial sin recordar quién es ni por qué está allí. Poco a poco recupera la memoria y descubre que es el único superviviente de un viaje que le ha llevado hasta al sistema de la estrella Tau Ceti. Tiene además una misión crucial, ya que la humanidad se enfrenta una crisis. Unas criaturas microscópicas alienígenas llamadas astrófagos están absorbiendo la energía del Sol, lo que provocará que la Tierra se enfríe y que la vida desaparezca en pocas décadas. Para salvar a la humanidad, se crea el proyecto Hail Mary. Todos los gobiernos del mundo se han unido para financiar esta misión, en la que se ha embarcado este humilde profesor después de haber sido el único científico que descubrió cómo los astrófagos podían reproducirse.  

El trayecto, de tres años de duración, tendrá como objetivo descubrir por qué los astrófagos, que han formado una línea infrarroja que va del Sol a Venus denominada «línea Petrova», no están chupando la energía de la estrella Tau ceti, también infectada. Es entonces cuando aparece el elemento más relevante e interesante de la novela: el encuentro con una nave alienígena de otro planeta cuya civilización también está siendo amenazada por los astrófagos. A pesar de las enormes diferencias biológicas y de comunicación, ambos aprenderán a trabajar juntos. El extraterrestre, al que el profesor llama Rocky, tiene forma araña con cinco patas, caparazón, no posee sentido de la visión, respira amoniaco, y para colmo habla mediante acordes musicales. Todo lo cual no será impedimento para convertirse en colegas y, convertido en un singular equipo, darán con la solución al grave problema que está llevando al colapso a ambas civilizaciones.

Ryan Gosling en un fotograma de la película Proyecto Salvación, 2026, dirigida por Phil Lord y Christopher Miller. 

Más allá de su trama, que ciertamente engancha, lo interesante de los libros de Weir es que la narración se construye a partir de escenas en las que el protagonista busca soluciones a problemas científicos. A Weir, como le sucedía a Asimov, no le interesa así tanto la psicología, el drama, sino la narración científica, esto es, explicar cada proceso, cada prueba y error, con una extraordinaria capacidad didáctica, algo muy necesario en los días que vivimos. Muestra tanto el proceso mental que lleva a una idea —el ingenio—, como su puesta en práctica, siempre basándose en la rigurosidad científica. Incluso la figura del extraterrestre, formado por lo que parece una piel de roca, y cuya sangre está a unos 300 grados, resulta convincente. Todo además siempre narrado con el peculiar sentido del humor de Weir, que hace a sus personajes cercanos y, digamos, dignos de darles un achuchón. 

De hecho, esto es lo que más se ha explotado en la versión cinematográfica dirigida por Phil Lord y Christopher Miller, y que en España se ha titulado Proyecto Salvación. En ella la soledad no es la premisa principal, sino la camaradería, quizá un tanto infantil, entre el astronauta interpretado por Ryan Gosling, y la araña de piedra; dos colegas en el espacio a los que solo les falta beber cervezas mientras contemplan el atardecer, que colaborarán en salvar sus dos mundos. La adaptación resume con habilidad la trama de la novela y omite, de paso, todo el andamiaje científico que es la base de la novela Weir, y que en el filme apenas está apuntado. Potencia así el lado emotivo de la aventura, desde la preparación de la misión, hasta la relación con el alien, en ocasiones más bien un perrito de compañía. En la novela, sin embargo, la presencia de Rocky resultaba más crucial y sus conocimientos fundamentales para el descubrimiento de una especie de ameba que ayudará a acabar con los astrófagos. 

Por otro lado, a la hora de escenificar la nave, se ha evitado al máximo el uso del croma —un fondo verde que se utiliza en los estudios para luego insertar sobre él imágenes digitales—, en favor de escenarios físicos. Esto ayuda a retratar de forma convincente la vida en una nave y también permite enormemente visualizar la novela. En este sentido, el filme es un complemento ideal para disfrutar del libro. Proyecto salvación además establece diálogos con numerosos filmes previos, caso de E.T. (Steven Spielberg, 1982), por la relación casi lacrimógena con el extraterrestre; Encuentros en la tercera fase (Steven Spielberg, 1977), por el tipo comunicación en cierto modo musical con Rocky; e incluso con Náufrago (Robert Zemeckis, 2000), por retratar la vida de un náufrago que, en vez de hablar a una pelota llamada Wilson, lo hace con una araña de piedra.

El personaje del profesor es, al igual que en el libro, un nerd con gafas caídas e inseguro, un antihéroe que por supuesto luego demostrará valentía en los momentos finales de la historia. Un filme que tiene el éxito garantizado, tanto por el carisma y el sentido del humor de Gosling —base del filme—, como por una trama original y fresca dentro del cine de ciencia ficción.

OTROS CONTENIDOS DE INTERÉS:

Frankenstein, el eterno Prometeo: el monstruo en la era de la IA

Corre o muere: la larga (y sinuosa) marcha de Stephen King

De la tinta al píxel: grandes historias de ciencia ficción adaptadas al cine y la televisión

Qué novela de ciencia ficción leer cuando no sabes qué novela de ciencia ficción leer

Un amor que no envejece: «Cumbres borrascosas» para la generación Z

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