Informe PISA o la grieta en el Titanic: qué está fallando en la educación en España

{"id":4060,"id_simpleblog_post":"4060","id_simpleblog_category":"66","id_simpleblog_post_type":"1","id_simpleblog_author":"0","author":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio Exp\u00f3sito","author_url":"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/997372-jose-antonio-exposito","likes":"0","views":"607","allow_comments":"2","is_featured":"1","access":"a:7:{i:1;b:1;i:2;b:1;i:3;b:1;i:4;b:0;i:5;b:0;i:6;b:0;i:7;b:0;}","cover":"jpg","featured":"jpg","id_product":"391172,391132","id_category_tematica":"57,60,63,66,116101,116110","id_category_autor":"997372","id_category_editorial":"11355,971814","id_event":"0","active":"1","title":"Informe PISA o la grieta en el Titanic: qu\u00e9 est\u00e1 fallando en la educaci\u00f3n en Espa\u00f1a","meta_title":"Informe PISA o la grieta en el Titanic: Jos\u00e9 Antonio Exp\u00f3sito ante la crisis educativa","meta_description":"PISA 2026 y la educaci\u00f3n en Espa\u00f1a, bajo la mirada de Jos\u00e9 Antonio Exp\u00f3sito: pantallas, falta de recursos y una propuesta para rehumanizar las aulas.","meta_keywords":"PISA 2026, educaci\u00f3n en Espa\u00f1a, Jos\u00e9 Antonio Exp\u00f3sito, PISA o la grieta en el Titanic, crisis educativa, profesorado, pantallas, lectura, ense\u00f1anza, Jos\u00e9 Antonio Exp\u00f3sito, educaci\u00f3n en Espa\u00f1a, PISA o la grieta en el Titanic, La rebeli\u00f3n de Las Musas. C\u00f3mo","short_content":"<p>Los malos resultados de Espa\u00f1a en el informe PISA 2026 son, para Jos\u00e9 Antonio Exp\u00f3sito, la expresi\u00f3n de una crisis educativa que llevaba tiempo gest\u00e1ndose en las aulas. En este art\u00edculo, el autor de <em>La rebeli\u00f3n de Las Musas. C\u00f3mo transformar la educaci\u00f3n<\/em> (Debate, septiembre de 2025) examina las causas de este deterioro: la falta de inversi\u00f3n y recursos, el descr\u00e9dito del profesorado, el peso de la burocracia, el abuso de las pantallas y la p\u00e9rdida de atenci\u00f3n y h\u00e1bitos lectores entre los j\u00f3venes. Frente a un modelo que considera deshumanizado, Exp\u00f3sito plantea recuperar el di\u00e1logo, la creatividad, la lectura y una relaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s cercana entre profesores y alumnos como ejes para transformar la educaci\u00f3n.<\/p>","full_content":"","content":"[{\"id\":\"lcdgozk\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_layout\":\"\",\"stretch_section\":\"\",\"layout\":\"boxed\",\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"gap\":\"default\",\"height\":\"default\",\"custom_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":400},\"column_position\":\"middle\",\"content_position\":\"\",\"structure\":\"10\",\"section_background\":\"\",\"background_background\":\"\",\"background_color\":\"\",\"background_color_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0},\"background_color_b\":\"\",\"background_color_b_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"background_gradient_type\":\"linear\",\"background_gradient_angle\":{\"unit\":\"deg\",\"size\":180},\"background_gradient_position\":\"center 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interpretaciones caben ante resultados tan pobres como presenta Espa\u00f1a en el \u00faltimo informe PISA (2026). Los profesores, quienes mejor conocen la situaci\u00f3n real en que se encuentran los centros educativos, ya daban inquietantes voces acerca de lo que viv\u00edan en distintos rincones del pa\u00eds. Y la conclusi\u00f3n que expon\u00edan siempre era la misma. La sociedad, que apenas escucha a sus maestros, ahora se sorprende tras la debacle de nuestros alumnos en PISA, pero si se hubiera preguntado antes a cualquier docente, la hubiera anunciado sin titubeos, independientemente de la comunidad aut\u00f3noma en que ense\u00f1ara.\u00a0<\/p><p>No hay un \u00fanico motivo, como algunos pretenden simplificar, que explique este descalabro. El culpable no es solamente el abuso del m\u00f3vil con el evidente retroceso que conlleva en la capacidad lectora de los estudiantes. Esa es una respuesta r\u00e1pida y obvia; sin embargo, otros asuntos pasan m\u00e1s desapercibidos o ensombrecidos, porque familias, administraciones y medios de comunicaci\u00f3n se deslumbran solo con el brillo de las pantallas. Pero el profesorado cada d\u00eda certifica un ambiente \u00e1spero e inc\u00f3modo en las aulas; las familias cuestionan constantemente las actuaciones de los docentes con el consiguiente descr\u00e9dito para todos; las administraciones exigen a su profesorado unas tareas cada vez m\u00e1s burocr\u00e1ticas y diversas para las que no han sido formados, pues muchas son propias de administrativos, asistentes sociales, sanitarios, psic\u00f3logos y terapeutas. Espa\u00f1a opt\u00f3 hace d\u00e9cadas por una ense\u00f1anza barata y no de calidad. Nunca hemos invertido el 5% de nuestro PIB en educaci\u00f3n, cuando otros pa\u00edses de la OCDE alcanzan el 6% y hasta el 7%. 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Uno de los factores que lo explica es la correlaci\u00f3n milim\u00e9trica entre los contenidos de bachillerato y lo que se eval\u00faa en la EVAU; algo que no sucede entre c\u00f3mo se ense\u00f1a en la ESO en Espa\u00f1a y lo que mide PISA. Esta paradoja nos invita a ajustar objetivos, metodolog\u00edas, recursos y exigencias que, sin duda, dar\u00edan como resultado un modelo educativo diferente al poner el foco en otras prioridades.\u00a0<\/p><p>Vivimos en un mundo demasiado acelerado. El ritmo trepidante de series y pel\u00edculas se ha incrementado a\u00fan m\u00e1s con las redes sociales y ha saltado de la ficci\u00f3n a la vida real. Con esa velocidad por sus venas los j\u00f3venes han perdido capacidad de atenci\u00f3n, de concentraci\u00f3n, de escucha, en resumen, de di\u00e1logo. A algunos adolescentes ya les cuesta incluso seguir una pel\u00edcula de hora y media de duraci\u00f3n. No digamos ya una explicaci\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica de veinte minutos. El m\u00e9todo socr\u00e1tico de conversaci\u00f3n recogida entre profesor y alumno, que con tanto acierto revivi\u00f3 Francisco Giner de los R\u00edos en la Instituci\u00f3n Libre de Ense\u00f1anza, es la base del mejor modo educativo. Sin embargo, resulta cada vez m\u00e1s escaso por falta de concentraci\u00f3n de los alumnos y por un profesorado desbordado. Para combatir esta carencia hay que reducir est\u00edmulos superfluos, meditar, recuperar momentos de soledad y apartamiento, y regresar a la naturaleza para aprender a observarla y a escucharla. Vivimos en unos entornos demasiado artificiales unas vidas contaminadas de superficialidad.\u00a0<\/p><p>Educamos entre todos: docentes, no docentes y familias, en definitiva, la sociedad entera. Hay muchos factores ajenos a lo pedag\u00f3gico que interfieren negativamente en la labor educativa. En general, los referentes en los que se fijan los adolescentes pocas veces encarnan los valores que transmite la escuela. 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Una adolescente consulta las redes sociales en su tel\u00e9fono m\u00f3vil. El Gobierno espa\u00f1ol anunci\u00f3 su intenci\u00f3n de prohibir el acceso a las redes sociales a los menores de 16 a\u00f1os para protegerlos de contenidos perjudiciales, una medida que provoc\u00f3 duras cr\u00edticas de los empresarios tecnol\u00f3gicos Elon Musk y Pavel Durov. Cr\u00e9dito: Getty 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center\",\"background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"background_position\":\"\",\"background_attachment\":\"\",\"background_repeat\":\"\",\"background_size\":\"\",\"background_video_link\":\"\",\"background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"border_border\":\"\",\"border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"border_color\":\"\",\"border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"section_typo\":\"\",\"heading_color\":\"\",\"color_text\":\"\",\"color_link\":\"\",\"color_link_hover\":\"\",\"text_align\":\"\",\"section_advanced\":\"\",\"margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"css_classes\":\"\",\"section_responsive\":\"\",\"screen_sm\":\"default\",\"screen_sm_width\":\"100\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"qyn9s7q\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>Para revertir esos malos resultados de PISA, se precisa <em>rehumanizar<\/em> la educaci\u00f3n. Recuperar una ense\u00f1anza cercana y cordial, en la que el profesor no atienda, como ahora sucede, a doscientos o trescientos alumnos a la semana con las prisas propias de un vendedor a comisi\u00f3n. Se necesitan unos horarios humanos, el <em>tempo<\/em> educativo es otro muy diferente al de una f\u00e1brica o una empresa. Un ni\u00f1o de doce a\u00f1os (tampoco un adulto) no posee la capacidad suficiente para recibir siete clases diarias (de 8:30 a 15:15 horas) con apenas un descanso de media hora. \u00a1Y adem\u00e1s sin comedor en los centros p\u00fablicos! \u00bfQu\u00e9 ecuaciones o sintagmas puede entender ese muchacho despu\u00e9s de haber recibido ya cinco o seis clases previas? Y as\u00ed un d\u00eda tras otro.\u00a0<\/p><p>Los cambios obligados para mejorar la ense\u00f1anza ata\u00f1en tanto a lo material como a lo ideal. En primer lugar, hay que dignificar las escuelas, invertir en ellas para modernizar los espacios educativos actuales m\u00e1s propios del siglo XIX que del XXI. Colegios e institutos permanecen anclados en el pasado. Son el Atapuerca de nuestra democracia. Tienen que resultar atractivos para las nuevas generaciones y motivadores para el profesorado. Si queremos lograr una educaci\u00f3n avanzada y verdadera, es crucial que se sustente en la creatividad, en la originalidad y en la investigaci\u00f3n en todas y cada una de las tareas que se emprendan en los centros. Debemos apartarnos de un modelo atado exclusivamente a lo repetitivo y a lo memor\u00edstico, para reivindicar la imaginaci\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/p><p>Y \u00bfqu\u00e9 mejora se espera del profesorado? Si bien est\u00e1n suficientemente preparados en sus respectivas materias, deber\u00edan actualizar su capacidad comunicativa y promover un aprendizaje m\u00e1s din\u00e1mico, pr\u00e1ctico y participativo. Al mismo tiempo, es imprescindible que recobren el prestigio y el protagonismo que les arrebataron tantas pantallas, proyectores, tabletas, ordenadores, programas y dem\u00e1s cacharrer\u00eda informativa que ha inundado nuestras aulas en la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada. El problema de fondo es que la inform\u00e1tica ha secuestrado la educaci\u00f3n. Ahora la IA amenaza con acabar con ella. Hoy es m\u00e1s necesario que nunca volver al papel y al l\u00e1piz, a la lectura en voz alta, a las pr\u00e1cticas de laboratorio, al debate y a rescatar una ense\u00f1anza m\u00e1s humana como la de los sabios griegos (Plat\u00f3n, S\u00f3crates, etc.) de di\u00e1logo permanente con un n\u00famero razonable de alumnos mientras paseaban bajo los \u00e1rboles entre jardines.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"qoeenyb\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><strong>OTROS\u00a0CONTENIDOS DE INTER\u00c9S:<\/strong><\/p><p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/vita-xabi-uribe-etxebarria-inteligencia-artificial\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">\u00bfPuede una m\u00e1quina ser creativa?<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/auge-horoscopo-espiritualidad-liquida-marta-sader\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">El auge del hor\u00f3scopo: \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 ahora?<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/la-herencia-invisible-evelyne-bissone-jeufroy\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">\u00bfY si nuestros miedos no fueran del todo nuestros?<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/constantino-bertolo-el-arte-de-rechazar-manuscritos-editor\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Dime qu\u00e9 lector quieres y te dir\u00e9 qu\u00e9 editor eres<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/candela-anton-daniel-tolleson-y-ahora-que-extracto\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Si no dej\u00e1ramos de avanzar, \u00bfhasta d\u00f3nde llegar\u00edamos?<\/a><\/span><\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"solid\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"ofd76fj\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_layout\":\"\",\"stretch_section\":\"section-stretched\",\"layout\":\"full_width\",\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"gap\":\"default\",\"height\":\"default\",\"custom_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":400},\"column_position\":\"middle\",\"content_position\":\"\",\"structure\":\"10\",\"section_background\":\"\",\"background_background\":\"\",\"background_color\":\"\",\"background_color_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0},\"background_color_b\":\"\",\"background_color_b_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"background_gradient_type\":\"linear\",\"background_gradient_angle\":{\"unit\":\"deg\",\"size\":180},\"background_gradient_position\":\"center 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