Las Brujas de la Noche (o la historia secreta de las mujeres que aterrorizaron al ejército nazi)

{"id":3300,"id_simpleblog_post":"3300","id_simpleblog_category":"66","id_simpleblog_post_type":"1","id_simpleblog_author":"0","author":"Ernest Bendriss","author_url":"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/1000177-ernest-bendriss","likes":"0","views":"432","allow_comments":"2","is_featured":"1","access":"a:7:{i:1;b:1;i:2;b:1;i:3;b:1;i:4;b:0;i:5;b:0;i:6;b:0;i:7;b:0;}","cover":"jpg","featured":"jpg","id_product":"398464,398495","id_category_tematica":"58,57,116107,62,116110","id_category_autor":"1000177","id_category_editorial":"954505","id_event":"0","active":"1","title":"Las Brujas de la Noche (o la historia secreta de las mujeres que aterrorizaron al ej\u00e9rcito nazi)","meta_title":"Las Brujas de la Noche (o la historia secreta de las mujeres que aterrorizaron al ej\u00e9rcito nazi)","meta_description":"Con un tono entre la cr\u00f3nica y la \u00e9pica, Ernest Bendriss reivindica en \u00abLas mujeres que empu\u00f1aron la espada\u00bb el legado de las combatientes que la historia quiso borrar.","meta_keywords":"Ernest Bendriss, Las mujeres que empu\u00f1aron la espada, Brujas de la Noche, aviadoras sovi\u00e9ticas, Segunda Guerra Mundial, literatura hist\u00f3rica, mujeres guerreras, historia y memoria.","short_content":"<p>En las p\u00e1ginas de \u00abLas mujeres que empu\u00f1aron la espada. Un recorrido por las guerreras de la historia, de la Antig\u00fcedad a la Segunda Guerra Mundial\u00bb (Roca Editorial, octubre de 2025), el historiador franc\u00e9s Ernest Bendriss reconstruye una genealog\u00eda de hero\u00ednas que, desde las trincheras olvidadas de la historia, desafiaron la violencia y el poder con una valent\u00eda que incomoda tanto como inspira. Su libro no es solo un cat\u00e1logo de guerreras, sino un relato coral donde la \u00e9pica se mezcla con la duda, la sangre y el mito. Bendriss bucea en archivos, memorias y leyendas para devolverles la voz a quienes la historia oficial silenci\u00f3: desde Juana de Arco hasta las guerreras medievales, pasando por las amazonas de Dahomey o los \u00ab\u00e1ngeles\u00bb de Stalin. Bajo estas l\u00edneas publicamos uno de los cap\u00edtulos m\u00e1s electrizantes del libro: \u00abLas Brujas de la Noche o el azote de los nazis\u00bb, un retrato colectivo de aquellas j\u00f3venes pilotos rusas que, a bordo de sus precarios biplanos de madera, convirtieron la oscuridad en arma y el miedo en m\u00fasica de motores. Bendriss escribe con una prosa que vibra entre la cr\u00f3nica y el poema, haciendo de cada vuelo una met\u00e1fora de resistencia y de cada nombre, una chispa que ilumina la noche de la historia.<\/p>","full_content":"","content":"[{\"id\":\"0yse5on\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_layout\":\"\",\"stretch_section\":\"\",\"layout\":\"boxed\",\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"gap\":\"default\",\"height\":\"default\",\"custom_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":400},\"column_position\":\"middle\",\"content_position\":\"\",\"structure\":\"10\",\"section_background\":\"\",\"background_background\":\"\",\"background_color\":\"\",\"background_color_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0},\"background_color_b\":\"\",\"background_color_b_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"background_gradient_type\":\"linear\",\"background_gradient_angle\":{\"unit\":\"deg\",\"size\":180},\"background_gradient_position\":\"center 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Cr\u00e9dito: Getty Images.\",\"link_to\":\"none\",\"link\":{\"is_external\":\"\",\"url\":\"\"},\"view\":\"traditional\",\"section_style_image\":\"\",\"space\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"opacity\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":1},\"hover_animation\":\"\",\"image_border_border\":\"\",\"image_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"image_border_color\":\"\",\"image_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"image_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"image_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"dpesrzo\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\">Desde la izquierda: Polina Osipenko, Valentina Grizodubova y Marina Raskova. 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<a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/588.%C2%BA_Regimiento_de_Bombarderos_Nocturnos\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">588.\u00ba Regimiento de Bombarderos Nocturnos<\/span> <\/a>(NBAP, o Nochnoy Bombardirovochnyi Aviatsonnyi Polk) fue el m\u00e1s famoso y laureado de la Fuerza A\u00e9rea Sovi\u00e9tica. 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ra\u00edz de la invasi\u00f3n de los alemanes fue r\u00e1pidamente reconvertido en un bombardero de dudosa eficacia. Aunque lento, pod\u00eda alcanzar una velocidad de ciento cincuenta kil\u00f3metros por hora. Estaba hecho casi integralmente de madera y constaba de dos cabinas abiertas con todo lo que supone de incomodidades, pues tanto el piloto como el copiloto estaban expuestos a la intemperie, enfrent\u00e1ndose a las temperaturas g\u00e9lidas del riguroso invierno ruso. A bordo, no hab\u00eda radio ni instrumentos adaptados para el vuelo nocturno. Los ocupantes del aparato se comunicaban entre s\u00ed mediante un tubo de goma. Respecto al armamento, pod\u00eda llevar cien kilos de bombas bajo las alas, adem\u00e1s de una ametralladora en la parte trasera.\u00a0<\/p><p>Pero \u00bfc\u00f3mo diablos consiguieron hacer enloquecer a los alemanes con un avi\u00f3n tan vetusto? La respuesta es sencilla: sacando el m\u00e1ximo provecho de su biplano y echando mano de una atrevida t\u00e1ctica de combate. Veamos. Como hemos se\u00f1alado, sus aviones eran de madera y los radares enemigos no lograban detectarlos, porque adem\u00e1s estaban equipados con silenciadores. Sin duda, era una ventaja considerable para nuestras \u00abbrujas\u00bb. Aprovechando la noche, volaban lentamente en formaci\u00f3n de dos o tres a muy baja altura, hasta acercarse a su objetivo en las primeras l\u00edneas del frente. Volv\u00edan entonces a ascender para poder efectuar el bombardeo en condiciones \u00f3ptimas y planeaban en picado hacia su blanco, despu\u00e9s de haber apagado el motor. Tras lanzar las bombas, volv\u00edan a encender los motores y desaparec\u00edan sin dejar rastro.\u00a0<\/p><p>Otra estrategia arriesgada era que una de las pilotos atrajese los focos y los disparos de la <a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/8,8_cm_FlaK_18\/36\/37\/41\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Flak<\/span><\/a> (artiller\u00eda antia\u00e9rea y antitanque utilizadas por los alemanes), mientras que sus compa\u00f1eras efectuaban un vuelo con el motor apagado bombardeando dep\u00f3sitos de combustible y municiones, puentes, estaciones de ferrocarril, trenes, etc. Luego se marchaban lo antes posible y llegaban otras compa\u00f1eras. Despistados, los alemanes solamente o\u00edan el silbido de las bombas justo antes de estallar, y maldec\u00edan a esas brujas que los ridiculizaban noche tras noche. Porque este era incontestablemente uno de los prop\u00f3sitos de dichos ataques: impedir el descanso del enemigo y todo lo que pod\u00eda conllevar esa falta de 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por mucho que los cazas alemanes se empe\u00f1asen en perseguirlas nunca las alcanzaban. Con sus aviones, que volaban a m\u00e1s de quinientos kil\u00f3metros por hora, era del todo imposible lograr efectuar desde una posici\u00f3n adecuada disparos sobre estos \u00abmosquitos\u00bb, que se desplazaban a unos cien kil\u00f3metros a ras de los \u00e1rboles. He aqu\u00ed la inaudita ventaja de los Polikarpov U-2 sobre los potentes cazas alemanes, que supieron aprovechar con maestr\u00eda las pilotos rusas. Parec\u00eda como una de estas <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/libros-clasicos\/15027-ebook-fabulas-9788420491479\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">f\u00e1bulas<\/span><\/a> de La Fontaine donde el peque\u00f1o se come al grande. Con un promedio de diez misiones por noche (aunque muchas de ellas alcanzar\u00edan las quince o dieciocho misiones), fueron una aut\u00e9ntica pesadilla para los alemanes.\u00a0<\/p><p>Sin embargo, lamentablemente sufrieron bajas; cuando su avi\u00f3n, hecho de madera, lo recordamos una vez m\u00e1s, era alcanzado gravemente por los disparos de la Flak, sol\u00eda prender en llamas. De hecho, algunas brujas prefirieron arder en su aparato como una antorcha humana antes de caer en manos de los alemanes, en un asombroso alarde de hero\u00edsmo que merece ser recordado con sumo respeto.\u00a0<\/p><p>Veintitr\u00e9s Brujas de la Noche recibieron la medalla de H\u00e9roe de la Uni\u00f3n Sovi\u00e9tica; de hecho, fue el regimiento m\u00e1s condecorado de las fuerzas a\u00e9reas sovi\u00e9ticas de la <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/980738-libros-sobre-la-segunda-guerra-mundial\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\">Segunda Guerra Mundial<\/span><\/a>. Entre estas hero\u00ednas, cabe citar a Evdokia Davidovna Bershanskaya, Mar\u00eda V. Smirnova, Polina Gelman, Natalia Feodorovna Meklin, Nadezhda Popova, Evdokia Pasko y Anna Timofeyeva-Yegorova.\u00a0<\/p><p>Hubo en total treinta y una brujas que fallecieron en combate en una epopeya indeleble que permanecer\u00e1 grabada en letras de oro en el coraz\u00f3n de cada ruso.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"1e7rxw7\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><strong>OTROS\u00a0CONTENIDOS DE INTER\u00c9S:<\/strong><\/p><p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/entrevistas\/art-spiegelman-liniers\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Art Spiegelman: \u00abAuschwitz estaba en mi patio trasero: era mi casa\u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/p><p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/george-orwell-mein-kampf-adolf-hitler\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">George Orwell sobre \u00abMein Kampf\u00bb: Hitler o el m\u00e1rtir Prometeo<\/a><\/span><\/p><p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/futbol-boxeo-y-burdeles-en-los-campos-nazis\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">F\u00fatbol, boxeo y burdeles en los campos nazis<\/a><\/span><\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"solid\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"klm1h20\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_layout\":\"\",\"stretch_section\":\"section-stretched\",\"layout\":\"full_width\",\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"gap\":\"default\",\"height\":\"default\",\"custom_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":400},\"column_position\":\"middle\",\"content_position\":\"\",\"structure\":\"10\",\"section_background\":\"\",\"background_background\":\"\",\"background_color\":\"\",\"background_color_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0},\"background_color_b\":\"\",\"background_color_b_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"background_gradient_type\":\"linear\",\"background_gradient_angle\":{\"unit\":\"deg\",\"size\":180},\"background_gradient_position\":\"center 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