Fenómenos

«Intermezzo», o la revolución íntima y dolorosamente (social y) humana de Sally Rooney llegando más poderosamente lejos que nunca

Dice que escribe para entender el mundo. Más bien, para entender cómo funciona el mundo. Cómo el ser humano se relaciona, y cómo esas relaciones duelen, y asfixian, pero también propulsan, y te vuelven real. También quiere entender, dice, y mostrar, en qué medida dependen de estructuras invisibles que las condicionan por completo: el género, la clase social. El «dinero». Porque el capitalismo todo —hasta aquello que no puede comprarse— lo ha convertido en un objeto, algo que poseer, algo susceptible de convertirse en una transacción: el amor, el sexo, la amistad. Tanto das, cuánto debes. La culpabilidad. Su aproximación es siempre de una vulnerabilidad incorruptible y fascinante. Leer a Sally Rooney es fundirse con aquello que siente el personaje sobre el que sea. El grado de intimidad y desnudez —no sólo física, sino, sobre todo, sentimental— no tiene igual en la literatura mundial. Y he aquí la revolución que impone. Una revolución que, en «Intermezzo» (Random House), su cuarta novela, es aún más evidente. Puesto que llega aún más lejos. En todos los sentidos. Su capacidad para radiografiar el choque entre mundos —el choque entre personajes, «personas», que son, inevitablemente, enormes, inacabables, por dentro— da un paso de gigante en esta novela que parte de un duelo —el padre de los hermanos protagonistas, Ivan y Peter Koubek, acaba de morir—, y se sumerge en un intento por encontrar algún tipo de felicidad a partir de entonces, una resituación, en la que un romance atípico —entre una mujer casada, y treintañera, y un jovencísimo, e inexperto, inocente y, a su manera, sabio genio del ajedrez— hará preguntarse a los lectores en qué consiste la «normalidad», y por qué ésta no debería ser algo estable, ni considerarse la única posibilidad en un mundo —el de cada uno— en el que todo debería ser posible siempre que contase con nosotros —y nuestro consentimiento— en ese momento.

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El grado de intimidad y desnudez no tiene igual en la literatura mundial. Y he aqu\u00ed la revoluci\u00f3n que impone. Una revoluci\u00f3n que es a\u00fan m\u00e1s evidente en \u00abIntermezzo\u00bb.","meta_keywords":"Leer a Sally Rooney es fundirse con aquello que siente el personaje sobre el que sea. El grado de intimidad y desnudez no tiene igual en la literatura mundial. Y he aqu\u00ed la revoluci\u00f3n que impone. Una revoluci\u00f3n que es a\u00fan m\u00e1s evidente en \u00abIntermezzo\u00bb.","short_content":"<p>Dice que escribe para entender el mundo. M\u00e1s bien, para entender c\u00f3mo funciona el mundo. C\u00f3mo el ser humano se relaciona, y c\u00f3mo esas relaciones duelen, y asfixian, pero tambi\u00e9n propulsan, y te vuelven real. Tambi\u00e9n quiere entender, dice, y mostrar, en qu\u00e9 medida dependen de estructuras invisibles que las condicionan por completo: el g\u00e9nero, la clase social. El \u00abdinero\u00bb. Porque el capitalismo todo \u2014hasta aquello que no puede comprarse\u2014 lo ha convertido en un objeto, algo que poseer, algo susceptible de convertirse en una transacci\u00f3n: el amor, el sexo, la amistad. Tanto das, cu\u00e1nto debes. La culpabilidad. Su aproximaci\u00f3n es siempre de una vulnerabilidad incorruptible y fascinante. Leer a Sally Rooney es fundirse con aquello que siente el personaje sobre el que sea. El grado de intimidad y desnudez \u2014no s\u00f3lo f\u00edsica, sino, sobre todo, sentimental\u2014 no tiene igual en la literatura mundial. Y he aqu\u00ed la revoluci\u00f3n que impone. Una revoluci\u00f3n que, en \u00abIntermezzo\u00bb (Random House), su cuarta novela, es a\u00fan m\u00e1s evidente. Puesto que llega a\u00fan m\u00e1s lejos. En todos los sentidos. Su capacidad para radiografiar el choque entre mundos \u2014el choque entre personajes, \u00abpersonas\u00bb, que son, inevitablemente, enormes, inacabables, por dentro\u2014 da un paso de gigante en esta novela que parte de un duelo \u2014el padre de los hermanos protagonistas, Ivan y Peter Koubek, acaba de morir\u2014, y se sumerge en un intento por encontrar alg\u00fan tipo de felicidad a partir de entonces, una resituaci\u00f3n, en la que un romance at\u00edpico \u2014entre una mujer casada, y treinta\u00f1era, y un jovenc\u00edsimo, e inexperto, inocente y, a su manera, sabio genio del ajedrez\u2014 har\u00e1 preguntarse a los lectores en qu\u00e9 consiste la \u00abnormalidad\u00bb, y por qu\u00e9 \u00e9sta no deber\u00eda ser algo estable, ni considerarse la \u00fanica posibilidad en un mundo \u2014el de cada uno\u2014 en el que todo deber\u00eda ser posible siempre que contase con nosotros \u2014y nuestro consentimiento\u2014 en ese 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Rooney. Cr\u00e9dito: Yolanda del Pino.\",\"link_to\":\"none\",\"link\":{\"is_external\":\"\",\"url\":\"\"},\"view\":\"traditional\",\"section_style_image\":\"\",\"space\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"opacity\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":1},\"hover_animation\":\"\",\"image_border_border\":\"\",\"image_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"image_border_color\":\"\",\"image_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"image_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"image_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"e6fehzi\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\">Jaque a la reina. Cr\u00e9dito: <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"http:\/\/www.yolandadelpino.com\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Yolanda del Pino<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"\",\"typography_typography\":\"\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"2\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"kxqfg5y\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_layout\":\"\",\"stretch_section\":\"\",\"layout\":\"boxed\",\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"gap\":\"default\",\"height\":\"default\",\"custom_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":400},\"column_position\":\"middle\",\"content_position\":\"\",\"structure\":\"10\",\"section_background\":\"\",\"background_background\":\"\",\"background_color\":\"\",\"background_color_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0},\"background_color_b\":\"\",\"background_color_b_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"background_gradient_type\":\"linear\",\"background_gradient_angle\":{\"unit\":\"deg\",\"size\":180},\"background_gradient_position\":\"center 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un jersey a rayas, el pelo muy corto, y una americana de un color arcilloso. Al fondo puede verse parte de la campi\u00f1a irlandesa, campi\u00f1a en la que vive desde que, casi en secreto, se cas\u00f3 con un profesor de matem\u00e1ticas \u2014y jugador de ajedrez <em>online<\/em>, y esto es importante\u2014, durante la pandemia. Se conocieron durante su \u00faltimo a\u00f1o en el Trinity College, mientras ambos estudiaban. La campi\u00f1a irlandesa, ese <em>countryside<\/em> en el que vive, no est\u00e1 lejos del lugar en el que creci\u00f3, Castlebar, una peque\u00f1a capital de condado de apenas 12.000 habitantes. El v\u00eddeo en el que para siempre <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/7444-sally-rooney?srsltid=AfmBOoqPM3sxw13AcVQgQvBTyIp6fG02iN5tGyIrfrAvQCNnlTZjoltC\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Sally Rooney<\/a><\/span>, la escritora que m\u00e1s ha hecho por la transformaci\u00f3n \u2014en algo apasionantemente mejor, una especie de abismo de lo \u00edntimo, un laboratorio de experimentaci\u00f3n formal desde alg\u00fan tipo de nuevo, y dolorosamente honesto <em>interior<\/em> narrativo\u2014 de la literatura europea, y universal, en este siglo XXI, recordar\u00e1 de qu\u00e9 forma surgen las historias en su cabeza, y c\u00f3mo todo ha sido desde el principio un intento de explicarse el mundo, y en qu\u00e9 consisten las relaciones entre los seres humanos, <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ho5ja2trqrs\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">lo film\u00f3 algo llamado Louisiana Channel<\/a><\/span>. El momento en el que lo hizo fue al poco de publicarse su segunda novela, <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><em><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/literatura-contemporanea\/26484-ebook-gente-normal-9788439736455\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Gente normal<\/a><\/em><\/span>, es decir, justo antes de que <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/entrevistas\/sally-rooney-donde-estas-mundo-bello-gente-normal\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">la fama que aquella novela alcanz\u00f3<\/a><\/span> \u2014fama que sum\u00f3 a la primera, no en vano, su primer asalto, <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><em><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/literatura-contemporanea\/285409-libro-conversaciones-entre-amigos-9788466353618\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Conversaciones entre amigos<\/a><\/em><\/span>, se hab\u00eda publicado en 15 idiomas, y hab\u00eda empezado a despertar el inter\u00e9s de los grandes nombres: <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/ficciones\/zadie-smith-contemplaciones-peonias\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Zadie Smith<\/a><\/span> fue una de las primeras en descubrir el alcance may\u00fasculo de la entonces apenas veintea\u00f1era\u2014 la propulsara al Olimpo de los Escritores Extremadamente Exitosos, y, por eso, por ser a la vez respetados por la cr\u00edtica, y adorados por el p\u00fablico, injustamente envidiados. Se muestra, pues, <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ho5ja2trqrs\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">en la entrevista<\/a><\/span>, Rooney, relajada, y aunque extremadamente certera \u2014se cuenta que la manera en que Tracy Bohan, su agente, una de las agentes que militan en la respetad\u00edsima y feroz agencia de Andrew Wylie, la descubri\u00f3 fue a trav\u00e9s de un ensayo y de la manera en que \u00e9ste la presentaba: \u00abLa debatiente competitiva n\u00famero uno de Europa\u00bb, s\u00ed, era una estudiante brillante, y la mejor en cualquier equipo de debate universitario: esto tambi\u00e9n es importante para la novela de la que estamos a punto de hablar\u2014, a\u00fan lejos de cualquier tipo de hermetismo. Entre las cosas que dice en dicha charla, una charla de apenas 30 minutos, intercalada con una lectura, figura aquello que hace de la narrativa de Sally Rooney algo \u00fanico y honesto, \u00edntimo y revolucionario: el yo inmerso en un nudo social invisible que, sin embargo, lo atenaza, lo condiciona, lo moldea, y a su vez, lo propulsa, le da sentido, lo vuelve 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de hecho, un p\u00e1rrafo en la reciente <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/literatura-contemporanea\/343607-libro-intermezzo-edicion-en-espanol-9788439744030\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><em>Intermezzo<\/em> (Random House)<\/a><\/span>, su cuarta y m\u00e1s amplia, <em>mejor<\/em>, novela, que lo resume perfectamente. Dice lo siguiente: \u00abLa vida, al fin y al cabo, no se ha zafado de sus redes. No existe ninguna vida as\u00ed, libre de ataduras: la vida misma es la red que sostiene a la gente en su sitio y da sentido a las cosas. No es posible romper con las limitaciones y seguir llevando sin m\u00e1s una existencia carente de sentido. La gente, el resto de la gente, lo hace imposible. Pero sin el resto de la gente, no habr\u00eda vida alguna. La cr\u00edtica, el reproche, la decepci\u00f3n, el conflicto: esas son las v\u00edas por las que las personas permanecen conectadas unas a otras\u00bb. El p\u00e1rrafo ocurre cuando Margaret, uno de los personajes, la mujer que trabaja en el centro cultural de una peque\u00f1a localidad \u2014la madre de Rooney se ha dedicado a algo parecido, o id\u00e9ntico\u2014, se pregunta en qu\u00e9 consiste estar viva, y hasta qu\u00e9 punto cada paso que da en esa vida suya es libre, o est\u00e1, de alguna forma, marcado por aquello en lo que se considera que la vida consiste a su alrededor. Margaret tiene 36 a\u00f1os, ha dejado a su marido porque bebe demasiado y lo suyo hace mucho que dej\u00f3 de ser un matrimonio, es s\u00f3lo alguien cuidando de otro alguien insoportable, y acaba de enamorarse de un chico de 22 a\u00f1os. Un chico encantador, un jovenc\u00edsimo genio del ajedrez, el chico prodigio de los Koubek, la disfuncional familia \u2014que acaba de perder al padre\u2014 que hay en el centro de la novela: dos hermanos francamente dispares, y una madre exigente y distante, Christine, que ha formado otra familia, lejos, que lo hizo hace a\u00f1os, cuando los abandon\u00f3. Margaret se siente culpable por ser feliz, y teme estar hiriendo a Ivan, as\u00ed se llama el chico, sin que esa herida sea visible, porque, cree, y lo teme, acabar\u00e1 por serlo alg\u00fan d\u00eda, cuando \u00e9l recuerde que una vez estuvo saliendo con una mujer mayor, que tal vez se estuviese aprovechando de \u00e9l, porque \u00bfqu\u00e9 sabe Ivan de la vida? Su padre, que le hab\u00eda cuidado y querido, y protegido, ha muerto, y de repente, \u00e9l ha quedado expuesto a un mundo que no entiende. Ivan es especial. En ning\u00fan momento se habla de forma directa de su <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/opinion\/2024-04-11\/soy-autista-y-claro-que-no-lo-parezco.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">neurodivergencia<\/a><\/span> \u2014y es un prodigio la sensibilidad la con la que Rooney la describe desde dentro, y la verdad intim\u00edsima que hay en ella\u2014, pero \u00e9sta existe: Ivan no entiende el mundo, ni entiende a la gente, todo en su cabeza funciona de forma matem\u00e1tica, o casi, la empat\u00eda le resulta confusa por definici\u00f3n, aunque la practica siempre que se siente agradecido, y cuidado, siempre que siente que el otro est\u00e1 ah\u00ed de verdad, y si es \u00e9l mismo en exceso cuidadoso con c\u00f3mo afecta a los dem\u00e1s su manera de hablar, o lo que dice, es porque se siente, en todo momento, en un campo de minas. En cualquier momento, cualquiera puede explotar y \u00e9l no sabr\u00e1 por qu\u00e9 lo ha hecho, porque le falta, como dir\u00eda su hermano Peter, exitoso en todo lo que al discurso se refiere. Peter es algo as\u00ed como ant\u00edtesis de Ivan. Como Rooney, fue el mejor de su promoci\u00f3n en lo que a debatientes ata\u00f1e. Una peque\u00f1a estrella convertida hoy en abogado. En el momento en el que la novela irrumpe en su vida, Peter sigue enamorado de una ex novia, Sylvia Larkin, una acad\u00e9mica brillante, de su misma edad \u201433\u2014, pero est\u00e1 saliendo con Naomi o, mejor, acost\u00e1ndose con ella a cambio de alg\u00fan tipo de seguridad: Naomi vive en una casa con amigos, est\u00e1 a punto de ser desahuciada, jam\u00e1s ha tenido nada parecido a una familia, est\u00e1 sola en el mundo, s\u00f3lo tiene su cuerpo, que Peter sabe que est\u00e1 usando, pero s\u00f3lo as\u00ed, s\u00f3lo con tipos como \u00e9l, quiz\u00e1, piensa, s\u00f3lo con \u00e9l. Naomi tiene la misma edad que Ivan, y sin embargo, el primero en juzgar la relaci\u00f3n desigual de su hermano con una mujer mayor es \u00e9l, Peter. Oh, Margaret puede estar aprovech\u00e1ndose de su hermano, \u00bfy no est\u00e1 \u00e9l aprovech\u00e1ndose de 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aqu\u00ed el tablero que plantea Rooney en esta <em>partida<\/em>. En su cuarta novela, un artefacto hondo, comprensiva y profund\u00edsimamente humano en el que las relaciones vuelven a ser diseccionadas \u2014a eso se dedica, ya ver\u00e1n, lo admite en esa entrevista lejana, a entender c\u00f3mo nos relacionamos, y en qu\u00e9 consisten esas relaciones\u2014 sabiamente, vuelven a ser, de alguna forma, <em>enfrentadas<\/em>, esto es, la escritora coloca a los personajes ante abismos relacionados con el otro \u2014el hermano, la amante, el ser querido del que jam\u00e1s querr\u00edas tener que separarte, la madre ausente\u2014 y observa c\u00f3mo escapan, o no, de ellos, y as\u00ed, <em>aprende<\/em>, o entiende, ella tambi\u00e9n, mejor, en qu\u00e9 consiste ser humano, y de paso, lo hace el lector. \u00abTengo que conocer algo muy bien hasta poder observar las cosas que realmente me interesan\u00bb, <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ho5ja2trqrs\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">dice en esa entrevista al Lousiana Channel<\/a><\/span>. Tambi\u00e9n dice que cuando le ocurre algo horrible, como romperse la nariz, una parte de ella se alegra, porque \u00abas\u00ed podr\u00e9 contar exactamente qu\u00e9 se siente cuando te rompes la nariz\u00bb. Su condici\u00f3n es la de, se dir\u00eda, exploradora. Ella vive, y sobre todo, siente, y luego, <em>cuenta<\/em>. Cuando habla de sus personajes, no habla de que los crea. Dice que los <em>conoce<\/em>. Como si se los encontrara por el camino. Y esto es lo que ocurre cuando se los encuentra. \u00abSiento que necesito explicarle ciertas cosas sobre s\u00ed mismo. Quiero que entienda ciertas cosas, y en esas cosas, hay parte de m\u00ed, de manera que, mientras ellos empiezan a conocerse a s\u00ed mismos, yo aprendo sobre m\u00ed misma, en otro sentido. Observar c\u00f3mo se enfrenta a determinados problemas me hace pensar en mis propios problemas. Le doy muchas vueltas al concepto de <em>significar<\/em>. Qu\u00e9 significan las cosas. Qu\u00e9 significas t\u00fa mismo. Y a c\u00f3mo de dif\u00edcil es comunicarlo. Que los dem\u00e1s lo entiendan y que t\u00fa misma lo entiendas\u00bb, explica. Y esa respuesta en s\u00ed misma arroja luz, y es una luz deslumbrante, necesaria, sobre su Obra, en may\u00fasculas, y sobre la sinceridad, y la valent\u00eda con la que se enfrenta a ella.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"v4ce3l8\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>Leer a Sally Rooney es fundirse con aquello que siente el personaje sobre el que sea. El grado de intimidad y desnudez \u2014no s\u00f3lo f\u00edsica, sino, sobre todo, sentimental\u2014 no tiene igual en la literatura mundial. Y he aqu\u00ed la revoluci\u00f3n que impone. Una revoluci\u00f3n que, en <em>Intermezzo,<\/em> su cuarta novela, es a\u00fan m\u00e1s evidente. Puesto que llega a\u00fan m\u00e1s lejos. En todos los sentidos.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#000000\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"40\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"24\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Vollkorn\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"45\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"30\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"95\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"95\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"vicz3hh\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p>No le preguntan, en dicha entrevista, sobre c\u00f3mo habla del deseo femenino, sobre c\u00f3mo lo construye, sin obviar todo aquello que a menudo se obvia \u2014el deseo de sumisi\u00f3n, la condici\u00f3n de objeto, de ser el ente <em>deseable<\/em> de la relaci\u00f3n, lo complejo de ese algo arraigado <em>cosificante<\/em>, y su aceptaci\u00f3n como parte de un juego sin reglas\u2014, pero su importancia es enorme. \u00abSupongo que el hecho de que no me pregunten tanto sobre el sexo, y c\u00f3mo lo trato, est\u00e1 queriendo decir algo de nuestra sociedad\u00bb, <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2024\/sep\/19\/intermezzo-by-sally-rooney-review-surprise-moves-in-love-loss-and-chess\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">le dec\u00eda hac\u00eda no demasiado a una periodista de <em>The Guardian<\/em><\/a><\/span>, que pas\u00f3, tambi\u00e9n, sigilosamente sobre el tema. En <em>Intermezzo<\/em>, como en el resto de sus novelas, el sexo es a la vez lugar seguro, refugio, para unos, y transacci\u00f3n, para otros. Y el asunto de la transacci\u00f3n, como ver\u00e1n, es importante, porque, aunque nada parecer\u00eda m\u00e1s lejos de lo real, Sally Rooney est\u00e1, todo el tiempo, tratando de escribir lo que ella llama una novela<em> marxista<\/em>. Se pregunta, incluso, si eso es posible. \u00bfExiste la novela marxista?, se pregunta. Pero si hay algo que les atrae, como lectores, de la prosa de Rooney, adem\u00e1s del grado de intimidad, y desnudez \u2014no s\u00f3lo f\u00edsica, sino sobre todo sentimental\u2014 de la misma, su vulnerabilidad incorruptible y fascinante, es que todo aquello en lo que el mundo consiste est\u00e1 delicada e intencionadamente disuelto en ella. \u00abLo que me interesa es observar en detalle la vida \u00edntima de la gente, y para hacerlo como quiero, debe notarse, en lo que escribo, el impacto de todo aquello que no puede verse pero que afecta a esa vida. La clase social, el g\u00e9nero. Cosas abstractas y dif\u00edciles de entender, pero que ejercen todo tipo de presiones en las relaciones. Cuando hay dos personas en la cama, nadie piensa en las estructuras, pero las estructuras est\u00e1n ah\u00ed. Si observas las relaciones \u00edntimas, observas los l\u00edmites de esas estructuras y lo que influyen. Pienso el mundo desde un marco marxista, y nunca s\u00e9 c\u00f3mo hacer que entre en la ficci\u00f3n que escribo. No s\u00e9 lo que significa escribir una novela marxista y me encantar\u00eda saberlo. Escribo mucho sobre la clase social. No escribo directamente sobre los trabajadores, pero la gente sobre la que escribo est\u00e1 en una situaci\u00f3n precaria. Han ido a la universidad, pero no tienen ning\u00fan tipo de estabilidad econ\u00f3mica. Escribo sobre el mundo con el que me encontr\u00e9 al salir de la universidad. No podemos escapar del marco transaccional del capitalismo. Est\u00e1 ah\u00ed, en nuestras relaciones. Lo que das, y lo que debes, lo que recibes. La realidad material y econ\u00f3mica tiene un impacto fundamental en lo que somos. La posesi\u00f3n, la transacci\u00f3n. No podemos escapar al capitalismo\u00bb, explica Rooney, en esa 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style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\">Sally Rooney en la entrevista a la que hace menci\u00f3n Laura Fern\u00e1ndez a lo largo del texto. Cr\u00e9dito: Louisiana Channel, 2021.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"\",\"typography_typography\":\"\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"2\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"yr5jidg\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_layout\":\"\",\"stretch_section\":\"\",\"layout\":\"boxed\",\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"gap\":\"default\",\"height\":\"default\",\"custom_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":400},\"column_position\":\"middle\",\"content_position\":\"\",\"structure\":\"10\",\"section_background\":\"\",\"background_background\":\"\",\"background_color\":\"\",\"background_color_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0},\"background_color_b\":\"\",\"background_color_b_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"background_gradient_type\":\"linear\",\"background_gradient_angle\":{\"unit\":\"deg\",\"size\":180},\"background_gradient_position\":\"center 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<em>Intermezzo,<\/em> esa idea de clase, o de c\u00f3mo aquello que te rodea te condena, de alguna forma, est\u00e1 por todas partes. Especialmente en la relaci\u00f3n entre Peter y Naomi, desigual y marcada por la necesidad. \u00bfSe fijar\u00eda siquiera Naomi en Peter si no fuese abogado? \u00bfSi no tuviese su estatus social? \u00bfQu\u00e9 relaci\u00f3n de entre ambas, la de Peter y Naomi, y la de Margaret e Ivan, es, pues, la m\u00e1s desigual y en qu\u00e9 sentido? He aqu\u00ed la pregunta m\u00e1s evidente, que la novela <em>lanza<\/em> al lector, y que invita a poner en duda la idea de <em>normalidad<\/em>, y todo aquello que en su nombre nos perdemos, sin sentido, pero, no es la \u00fanica. Toda novela de Sally Rooney es un laberinto de dilemas, un jugoso cuestionamiento de todo lo que cre\u00edamos saber, y de c\u00f3mo cre\u00edamos saberlo. Y, por supuesto, es tambi\u00e9n y sobre todo una definici\u00f3n del yo. \u00abSi me interesa el paso de la ni\u00f1ez a la adolescencia y de la adolescencia a la edad adulta es porque, en las dos primeras, los personajes han vivido con sus padres, y de repente, al cumplir los 18, est\u00e1n solos, y tienen, por fuerza, que empezar a conocerse. Su familia ha desaparecido. Ya no ocupan el lugar que ocupaban en ella. Est\u00e1n ah\u00ed fuera, en el mundo. \u00bfY qui\u00e9nes son? \u00bfQui\u00e9nes somos? Cuando uno sale de su familia, tiene que empezar a tomar sus propias decisiones. Y son esas decisiones las que le permitir\u00e1n conocerse\u00bb, dice Rooney en el Louisiana Channel. Ivan est\u00e1 justo en ese punto, y se dir\u00eda que Peter tambi\u00e9n. Y tambi\u00e9n Margaret. Acaba de dejar de ser la mujer de alguien. \u00bfQui\u00e9n se supone que es <em>ahora<\/em>? Las relaciones nos dan, y nos quitan, y lo que queda despu\u00e9s de cada una de ellas, es un alguien otra vez solo que debe volver a definirse por lo que ser\u00e1, por lo que est\u00e1 siendo, sin que nadie le vea. En el caso de los hermanos, adem\u00e1s, est\u00e1 el asunto del duelo, y la incomunicaci\u00f3n. A Rooney le obsesiona el lenguaje, y de qu\u00e9 manera nos tiende trampas. Reflexiona Ivan en un momento determinado de<em> Intermezzo<\/em> lo siguiente: \u00abEso demuestra, piensa Ivan, que la distinci\u00f3n entre verdad y mentira es compleja. Tienes la impresi\u00f3n de estar encajando el lenguaje en el mundo de una manera concreta, como un ni\u00f1o que encaja el juguete con la forma apropiada en la ranura con la forma apropiada, pero a veces caes en la cuenta de que esa imagen tambi\u00e9n es falsa. El lenguaje no encaja en la realidad como un juguete en la ranura. La realidad, de hecho, es una cosa, y el lenguaje, otra\u00bb. Y s\u00ed, cuando hacemos da\u00f1o, o cuando nos hacen da\u00f1o, tambi\u00e9n hay algo que no se dice, o que se dice de una manera en que resulta insoportable, hiriente, terrible. Pero \u00bfy si no podemos controlarlo? \u00bfY si no sabemos como <em>no<\/em> hacerlo? Lo interesante en\u00a0<em>Intermezzo,<\/em> adem\u00e1s, es que, de fondo, y todo el tiempo, lo que hay es el duelo. Hay una p\u00e9rdida. La p\u00e9rdida del padre. Un hombre amable al que un hermano trat\u00f3 de proteger, sin que nadie se lo pidiera, y que protegi\u00f3, a su vez, al otro, sin que \u00e9ste lo notase. Hay dos versiones de una misma persona funcionando en dos cabezas distintas que, sin embargo, deben enfrentarse juntas a su p\u00e9rdida. Y a aquello que el duelo hace contigo. El duelo, la p\u00e9rdida, nos transforma. Perder a alguien te convierte en otra persona, y a la vez te devuelve tu propio yo desnudo. Y toda relaci\u00f3n sufre un<em> reset<\/em> impredecible. De ah\u00ed el <em>intermezzo<\/em>, ese tiempo muerto, eso que ocurre cuando, en realidad, est\u00e1 ocurriendo todo. Por todo eso, no es s\u00f3lo que Sally Rooney haya vuelto a hacerlo. Es que lo ha hecho mejor. Como nunca.<\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"020\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"c7pkjld\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_editor\":\"\",\"editor\":\"<p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><strong>OTROS\u00a0CONTENIDOS DE INTER\u00c9S:<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/entrevistas\/sally-rooney-donde-estas-mundo-bello-gente-normal\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Sally Rooney contra el infierno de la fama: \u00abNo parece servirle de verdad a nadie\u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/cine-y-series\/gente-normal-el-amor-ante-toda-diferencia-social\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">\u00abGente normal\u00bb, el amor ante toda diferencia social<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/entrevistas\/cristina-rivera-garza-laura-fernandez-el-invencible-verano-de-liliana\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Cristina Rivera Garza por Laura Fern\u00e1ndez: el di\u00e1logo con Liliana que no termina, ni terminar\u00e1<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/fenomenos\/tan-poca-vida-hanya-yanagihara-libro-viral-tiktok\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 todo el mundo est\u00e1 hablando (otra vez) sobre \u00abTan poca vida\u00bb?<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/fenomenos\/las-damas-de-grace-adieu-susanna-clarke-laura-fernandez\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">\u00abLas damas de Grace Adieu\u00bb, el reino m\u00e1gico de una escritora enigm\u00e1ticamente perfecta: Susanna Clarke<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/despedidas\/joan-didion-zadie-smith\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Joan Didion por Zadie Smith: la otra cara del pensamiento 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15 minutos
Sally Rooney. Crédito: Yolanda del Pino.

Jaque a la reina. Crédito: Yolanda del Pino.

Lleva un jersey a rayas, el pelo muy corto, y una americana de un color arcilloso. Al fondo puede verse parte de la campiña irlandesa, campiña en la que vive desde que, casi en secreto, se casó con un profesor de matemáticas —y jugador de ajedrez online, y esto es importante—, durante la pandemia. Se conocieron durante su último año en el Trinity College, mientras ambos estudiaban. La campiña irlandesa, ese countryside en el que vive, no está lejos del lugar en el que creció, Castlebar, una pequeña capital de condado de apenas 12.000 habitantes. El vídeo en el que para siempre Sally Rooney, la escritora que más ha hecho por la transformación —en algo apasionantemente mejor, una especie de abismo de lo íntimo, un laboratorio de experimentación formal desde algún tipo de nuevo, y dolorosamente honesto interior narrativo— de la literatura europea, y universal, en este siglo XXI, recordará de qué forma surgen las historias en su cabeza, y cómo todo ha sido desde el principio un intento de explicarse el mundo, y en qué consisten las relaciones entre los seres humanos, lo filmó algo llamado Louisiana Channel. El momento en el que lo hizo fue al poco de publicarse su segunda novela, Gente normal, es decir, justo antes de que la fama que aquella novela alcanzó —fama que sumó a la primera, no en vano, su primer asalto, Conversaciones entre amigos, se había publicado en 15 idiomas, y había empezado a despertar el interés de los grandes nombres: Zadie Smith fue una de las primeras en descubrir el alcance mayúsculo de la entonces apenas veinteañera— la propulsara al Olimpo de los Escritores Extremadamente Exitosos, y, por eso, por ser a la vez respetados por la crítica, y adorados por el público, injustamente envidiados. Se muestra, pues, en la entrevista, Rooney, relajada, y aunque extremadamente certera —se cuenta que la manera en que Tracy Bohan, su agente, una de las agentes que militan en la respetadísima y feroz agencia de Andrew Wylie, la descubrió fue a través de un ensayo y de la manera en que éste la presentaba: «La debatiente competitiva número uno de Europa», sí, era una estudiante brillante, y la mejor en cualquier equipo de debate universitario: esto también es importante para la novela de la que estamos a punto de hablar—, aún lejos de cualquier tipo de hermetismo. Entre las cosas que dice en dicha charla, una charla de apenas 30 minutos, intercalada con una lectura, figura aquello que hace de la narrativa de Sally Rooney algo único y honesto, íntimo y revolucionario: el yo inmerso en un nudo social invisible que, sin embargo, lo atenaza, lo condiciona, lo moldea, y a su vez, lo propulsa, le da sentido, lo vuelve real.

  • ¡En oferta!
El libro más esperado del año. La nueva novela de Sally Rooney, la aclamada autora de Gente normal . « Intermezzo es perfecta . ¿Acaso existe, hoy en día, una novelista que escriba mejor? » . The Guardian « Su talento es excepcional». Zadie Smith « Las p...
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Hay, de hecho, un párrafo en la reciente Intermezzo (Random House), su cuarta y más amplia, mejor, novela, que lo resume perfectamente. Dice lo siguiente: «La vida, al fin y al cabo, no se ha zafado de sus redes. No existe ninguna vida así, libre de ataduras: la vida misma es la red que sostiene a la gente en su sitio y da sentido a las cosas. No es posible romper con las limitaciones y seguir llevando sin más una existencia carente de sentido. La gente, el resto de la gente, lo hace imposible. Pero sin el resto de la gente, no habría vida alguna. La crítica, el reproche, la decepción, el conflicto: esas son las vías por las que las personas permanecen conectadas unas a otras». El párrafo ocurre cuando Margaret, uno de los personajes, la mujer que trabaja en el centro cultural de una pequeña localidad —la madre de Rooney se ha dedicado a algo parecido, o idéntico—, se pregunta en qué consiste estar viva, y hasta qué punto cada paso que da en esa vida suya es libre, o está, de alguna forma, marcado por aquello en lo que se considera que la vida consiste a su alrededor. Margaret tiene 36 años, ha dejado a su marido porque bebe demasiado y lo suyo hace mucho que dejó de ser un matrimonio, es sólo alguien cuidando de otro alguien insoportable, y acaba de enamorarse de un chico de 22 años. Un chico encantador, un jovencísimo genio del ajedrez, el chico prodigio de los Koubek, la disfuncional familia —que acaba de perder al padre— que hay en el centro de la novela: dos hermanos francamente dispares, y una madre exigente y distante, Christine, que ha formado otra familia, lejos, que lo hizo hace años, cuando los abandonó. Margaret se siente culpable por ser feliz, y teme estar hiriendo a Ivan, así se llama el chico, sin que esa herida sea visible, porque, cree, y lo teme, acabará por serlo algún día, cuando él recuerde que una vez estuvo saliendo con una mujer mayor, que tal vez se estuviese aprovechando de él, porque ¿qué sabe Ivan de la vida? Su padre, que le había cuidado y querido, y protegido, ha muerto, y de repente, él ha quedado expuesto a un mundo que no entiende. Ivan es especial. En ningún momento se habla de forma directa de su neurodivergencia —y es un prodigio la sensibilidad la con la que Rooney la describe desde dentro, y la verdad intimísima que hay en ella—, pero ésta existe: Ivan no entiende el mundo, ni entiende a la gente, todo en su cabeza funciona de forma matemática, o casi, la empatía le resulta confusa por definición, aunque la practica siempre que se siente agradecido, y cuidado, siempre que siente que el otro está ahí de verdad, y si es él mismo en exceso cuidadoso con cómo afecta a los demás su manera de hablar, o lo que dice, es porque se siente, en todo momento, en un campo de minas. En cualquier momento, cualquiera puede explotar y él no sabrá por qué lo ha hecho, porque le falta, como diría su hermano Peter, exitoso en todo lo que al discurso se refiere. Peter es algo así como antítesis de Ivan. Como Rooney, fue el mejor de su promoción en lo que a debatientes atañe. Una pequeña estrella convertida hoy en abogado. En el momento en el que la novela irrumpe en su vida, Peter sigue enamorado de una ex novia, Sylvia Larkin, una académica brillante, de su misma edad —33—, pero está saliendo con Naomi o, mejor, acostándose con ella a cambio de algún tipo de seguridad: Naomi vive en una casa con amigos, está a punto de ser desahuciada, jamás ha tenido nada parecido a una familia, está sola en el mundo, sólo tiene su cuerpo, que Peter sabe que está usando, pero sólo así, sólo con tipos como él, quizá, piensa, sólo con él. Naomi tiene la misma edad que Ivan, y sin embargo, el primero en juzgar la relación desigual de su hermano con una mujer mayor es él, Peter. Oh, Margaret puede estar aprovechándose de su hermano, ¿y no está él aprovechándose de Naomi?

Sally Rooney en una imagen de 2017. Crédito: Getty Images.

Sally Rooney en una imagen de 2017. Crédito: Getty Images.

He aquí el tablero que plantea Rooney en esta partida. En su cuarta novela, un artefacto hondo, comprensiva y profundísimamente humano en el que las relaciones vuelven a ser diseccionadas —a eso se dedica, ya verán, lo admite en esa entrevista lejana, a entender cómo nos relacionamos, y en qué consisten esas relaciones— sabiamente, vuelven a ser, de alguna forma, enfrentadas, esto es, la escritora coloca a los personajes ante abismos relacionados con el otro —el hermano, la amante, el ser querido del que jamás querrías tener que separarte, la madre ausente— y observa cómo escapan, o no, de ellos, y así, aprende, o entiende, ella también, mejor, en qué consiste ser humano, y de paso, lo hace el lector. «Tengo que conocer algo muy bien hasta poder observar las cosas que realmente me interesan», dice en esa entrevista al Lousiana Channel. También dice que cuando le ocurre algo horrible, como romperse la nariz, una parte de ella se alegra, porque «así podré contar exactamente qué se siente cuando te rompes la nariz». Su condición es la de, se diría, exploradora. Ella vive, y sobre todo, siente, y luego, cuenta. Cuando habla de sus personajes, no habla de que los crea. Dice que los conoce. Como si se los encontrara por el camino. Y esto es lo que ocurre cuando se los encuentra. «Siento que necesito explicarle ciertas cosas sobre sí mismo. Quiero que entienda ciertas cosas, y en esas cosas, hay parte de mí, de manera que, mientras ellos empiezan a conocerse a sí mismos, yo aprendo sobre mí misma, en otro sentido. Observar cómo se enfrenta a determinados problemas me hace pensar en mis propios problemas. Le doy muchas vueltas al concepto de significar. Qué significan las cosas. Qué significas tú mismo. Y a cómo de difícil es comunicarlo. Que los demás lo entiendan y que tú misma lo entiendas», explica. Y esa respuesta en sí misma arroja luz, y es una luz deslumbrante, necesaria, sobre su Obra, en mayúsculas, y sobre la sinceridad, y la valentía con la que se enfrenta a ella.

Leer a Sally Rooney es fundirse con aquello que siente el personaje sobre el que sea. El grado de intimidad y desnudez —no sólo física, sino, sobre todo, sentimental— no tiene igual en la literatura mundial. Y he aquí la revolución que impone. Una revolución que, en Intermezzo, su cuarta novela, es aún más evidente. Puesto que llega aún más lejos. En todos los sentidos.

No le preguntan, en dicha entrevista, sobre cómo habla del deseo femenino, sobre cómo lo construye, sin obviar todo aquello que a menudo se obvia —el deseo de sumisión, la condición de objeto, de ser el ente deseable de la relación, lo complejo de ese algo arraigado cosificante, y su aceptación como parte de un juego sin reglas—, pero su importancia es enorme. «Supongo que el hecho de que no me pregunten tanto sobre el sexo, y cómo lo trato, está queriendo decir algo de nuestra sociedad», le decía hacía no demasiado a una periodista de The Guardian, que pasó, también, sigilosamente sobre el tema. En Intermezzo, como en el resto de sus novelas, el sexo es a la vez lugar seguro, refugio, para unos, y transacción, para otros. Y el asunto de la transacción, como verán, es importante, porque, aunque nada parecería más lejos de lo real, Sally Rooney está, todo el tiempo, tratando de escribir lo que ella llama una novela marxista. Se pregunta, incluso, si eso es posible. ¿Existe la novela marxista?, se pregunta. Pero si hay algo que les atrae, como lectores, de la prosa de Rooney, además del grado de intimidad, y desnudez —no sólo física, sino sobre todo sentimental— de la misma, su vulnerabilidad incorruptible y fascinante, es que todo aquello en lo que el mundo consiste está delicada e intencionadamente disuelto en ella. «Lo que me interesa es observar en detalle la vida íntima de la gente, y para hacerlo como quiero, debe notarse, en lo que escribo, el impacto de todo aquello que no puede verse pero que afecta a esa vida. La clase social, el género. Cosas abstractas y difíciles de entender, pero que ejercen todo tipo de presiones en las relaciones. Cuando hay dos personas en la cama, nadie piensa en las estructuras, pero las estructuras están ahí. Si observas las relaciones íntimas, observas los límites de esas estructuras y lo que influyen. Pienso el mundo desde un marco marxista, y nunca sé cómo hacer que entre en la ficción que escribo. No sé lo que significa escribir una novela marxista y me encantaría saberlo. Escribo mucho sobre la clase social. No escribo directamente sobre los trabajadores, pero la gente sobre la que escribo está en una situación precaria. Han ido a la universidad, pero no tienen ningún tipo de estabilidad económica. Escribo sobre el mundo con el que me encontré al salir de la universidad. No podemos escapar del marco transaccional del capitalismo. Está ahí, en nuestras relaciones. Lo que das, y lo que debes, lo que recibes. La realidad material y económica tiene un impacto fundamental en lo que somos. La posesión, la transacción. No podemos escapar al capitalismo», explica Rooney, en esa entrevista.

Sally Rooney en la entrevista a la que hace mención Laura Fernández a lo largo del texto. Crédito: Louisiana Channel, 2021.

En Intermezzo, esa idea de clase, o de cómo aquello que te rodea te condena, de alguna forma, está por todas partes. Especialmente en la relación entre Peter y Naomi, desigual y marcada por la necesidad. ¿Se fijaría siquiera Naomi en Peter si no fuese abogado? ¿Si no tuviese su estatus social? ¿Qué relación de entre ambas, la de Peter y Naomi, y la de Margaret e Ivan, es, pues, la más desigual y en qué sentido? He aquí la pregunta más evidente, que la novela lanza al lector, y que invita a poner en duda la idea de normalidad, y todo aquello que en su nombre nos perdemos, sin sentido, pero, no es la única. Toda novela de Sally Rooney es un laberinto de dilemas, un jugoso cuestionamiento de todo lo que creíamos saber, y de cómo creíamos saberlo. Y, por supuesto, es también y sobre todo una definición del yo. «Si me interesa el paso de la niñez a la adolescencia y de la adolescencia a la edad adulta es porque, en las dos primeras, los personajes han vivido con sus padres, y de repente, al cumplir los 18, están solos, y tienen, por fuerza, que empezar a conocerse. Su familia ha desaparecido. Ya no ocupan el lugar que ocupaban en ella. Están ahí fuera, en el mundo. ¿Y quiénes son? ¿Quiénes somos? Cuando uno sale de su familia, tiene que empezar a tomar sus propias decisiones. Y son esas decisiones las que le permitirán conocerse», dice Rooney en el Louisiana Channel. Ivan está justo en ese punto, y se diría que Peter también. Y también Margaret. Acaba de dejar de ser la mujer de alguien. ¿Quién se supone que es ahora? Las relaciones nos dan, y nos quitan, y lo que queda después de cada una de ellas, es un alguien otra vez solo que debe volver a definirse por lo que será, por lo que está siendo, sin que nadie le vea. En el caso de los hermanos, además, está el asunto del duelo, y la incomunicación. A Rooney le obsesiona el lenguaje, y de qué manera nos tiende trampas. Reflexiona Ivan en un momento determinado de Intermezzo lo siguiente: «Eso demuestra, piensa Ivan, que la distinción entre verdad y mentira es compleja. Tienes la impresión de estar encajando el lenguaje en el mundo de una manera concreta, como un niño que encaja el juguete con la forma apropiada en la ranura con la forma apropiada, pero a veces caes en la cuenta de que esa imagen también es falsa. El lenguaje no encaja en la realidad como un juguete en la ranura. La realidad, de hecho, es una cosa, y el lenguaje, otra». Y sí, cuando hacemos daño, o cuando nos hacen daño, también hay algo que no se dice, o que se dice de una manera en que resulta insoportable, hiriente, terrible. Pero ¿y si no podemos controlarlo? ¿Y si no sabemos como no hacerlo? Lo interesante en Intermezzo, además, es que, de fondo, y todo el tiempo, lo que hay es el duelo. Hay una pérdida. La pérdida del padre. Un hombre amable al que un hermano trató de proteger, sin que nadie se lo pidiera, y que protegió, a su vez, al otro, sin que éste lo notase. Hay dos versiones de una misma persona funcionando en dos cabezas distintas que, sin embargo, deben enfrentarse juntas a su pérdida. Y a aquello que el duelo hace contigo. El duelo, la pérdida, nos transforma. Perder a alguien te convierte en otra persona, y a la vez te devuelve tu propio yo desnudo. Y toda relación sufre un reset impredecible. De ahí el intermezzo, ese tiempo muerto, eso que ocurre cuando, en realidad, está ocurriendo todo. Por todo eso, no es sólo que Sally Rooney haya vuelto a hacerlo. Es que lo ha hecho mejor. Como nunca.

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