Literatura

La lengua, que es mi patria

En septiembre de 2021, el gobierno nicaragüense de Daniel Ortega decretó una orden de captura sobre Sergio Ramírez. El escritor, ensayista, periodista, Premio Cervantes 1997 y Alfaguara 1998, miembro de la Revolución Sandinista y exvicepresidente del propio Ortega recibió un respaldo internacional tan unánime como contundente. Sin embargo, la situación se agravó cuando, en febrero de 2023, el ejecutivo de Ortega decidió retirarle la nacionalidad a él y a otros 93 opositores. Exiliado ahora en España, Ramírez aprovechó su presencia en el IX Congreso Internacional de la Lengua Española, celebrado en Cádiz a finales de marzo, para leer este discurso en el que homenajea a los escritores sometidos por las tiranías. Por el texto, el cual está dedicado a la memoria de Jorge Edwards, quien falleció apenas unos días antes del acto, asoman varios de esos autores cuya patria late en lo profundo del corazón y se refleja en la palabra y en la lengua, la cual no entiende de exilios, cárceles o destierros: desde Ovidio hasta Cervantes pasando por Joseph Roth, Stefan Zweig, Czesław Miłosz, Joseph Brodsky, Juan Gelman y Luis Cernuda.

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El escritor, ensayista, periodista, Premio Cervantes 1997 y Alfaguara 1998, miembro de la Revoluci\u00f3n Sandinista y exvicepresidente del propio Ortega recibi\u00f3 un respaldo internacional tan un\u00e1nime como contundente. Sin embargo, la situaci\u00f3n se agrav\u00f3 cuando, en febrero de 2023, el ejecutivo de Ortega decidi\u00f3 retirarle la nacionalidad a \u00e9l y a otros 93 opositores. Exiliado ahora en Espa\u00f1a, Ram\u00edrez aprovech\u00f3 su presencia en el IX Congreso Internacional de la Lengua Espa\u00f1ola, celebrado en C\u00e1diz a finales de marzo, para leer este discurso en el que homenajea a los escritores sometidos por las tiran\u00edas. Por el texto, el cual est\u00e1 dedicado a la memoria de Jorge Edwards, quien falleci\u00f3 apenas unos d\u00edas antes del acto, asoman varios de esos autores cuya patria late en lo profundo del coraz\u00f3n y se refleja en la palabra y en la lengua, la cual no entiende de exilios, c\u00e1rceles o destierros: desde Ovidio hasta Cervantes pasando por Joseph Roth, Stefan Zweig, Czes\u0142aw Mi\u0142osz, Joseph Brodsky, Juan Gelman y Luis 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tomada en junio de 1980, en un momento de cambios profundos en Nicaragua: tras el triunfo de la Revoluci\u00f3n Sandinista el 19 de julio de 1979 se cre\u00f3 la Junta de Gobierno de Reconstrucci\u00f3n Nacional, la cual fue presidida por Daniel Ortega, con Sergio Ram\u00edrez como vicepresidente (su relaci\u00f3n se deterior\u00f3 con el paso de los a\u00f1os hasta el punto en que Ortega le retir\u00f3 la nacionalidad en febrero de 2023). 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del <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lago_Xolotl%C3%A1n\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">lago Xolotl\u00e1n en Nicaragua<\/a><\/span>, pueden verse unas huellas que quedaron impresas en el lodo hace dos mil a\u00f1os. Pies de adultos y de ni\u00f1os, que atestiguan la huida de una erupci\u00f3n volc\u00e1nica, r\u00edos de lava, cielos encendidos, la tierra que se estremece.\u00a0<\/p><p>Desde entonces siempre hemos estado huyendo de algo, terremotos y huracanes, guerras civiles, y tiranos agarrados al poder, el primero <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pedro_Arias_D%C3%A1vila\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Pedroarias D\u00e1vila<\/a><\/span>, el Furor Domini, muerto a los 91 a\u00f1os, y quien se hac\u00eda cantar cada a\u00f1o una misa de difuntos, yacente en un catafalco en el altar mayor de la catedral de Le\u00f3n, del que se levantaba para ordenar que perrearan a los indios insumisos; y quinientos a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s,\u00a0<span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Ortega\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">el tirano que es el mismo y es otro<\/a><\/span> sigue envejeciendo en su cama y en su trono, y desvar\u00eda en sus mandamientos y arbitrariedades, due\u00f1o de vidas y haciendas sigue imponiendo el silencio, llena las c\u00e1rceles, condena al destierro, un rostro superpuesto sobre el viejo rostro en la fantasmagor\u00eda de los siglos.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p><p>Los letrados escribieron las constituciones y las leyes de los tiranos iletrados, y las rep\u00fablicas de papel encubrieron el aparato siniestro del despotismo que nunca fue ilustrado. Y las armas han cobrado siempre su precio a las letras que pugnan por la libertad, porque el oficio de escribir es libre por naturaleza, y el poder, cuando quiere ser absoluto, mal disimula su inquina contra la imaginaci\u00f3n, que es libre, y es cr\u00edtica del poder, y contradictoria, y rebelde a las servidumbres por naturaleza.\u00a0<\/p><p>Porque no tienen sentido del humor alguno, las tiran\u00edas castigan las burlas y ficciones de las novelas mandando prohibirlas, y quien las escribe debe pagar con el destierro, y enfrentar la pretensi\u00f3n de que te quieran quitar tu pa\u00eds, borrar tu fecha y lugar de nacimiento, tu memoria y tu pasado y tus palabras, porque, en el delirio de las arbitrariedades caprichosas que se adue\u00f1an de la cabeza de los tiranos, creen suya la facultad de hacerte desaparecer, como en uno de aquellos conjuros de la Camacha de Mantilla, la hechicera de <em><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a 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las palabras de los libros quedar\u00e1n siempre all\u00ed, duras y luminosas, aceradas y punzantes, y siempre volver\u00e1n a los ojos cada vez que abramos un libro que un d\u00eda fue prohibido, para decirnos otra vez lo que los tiranos, desde sus sue\u00f1os mal\u00e9ficos de grandeza y de poder, no quisieron o\u00edr, o quisieron prohibir.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00abPeque\u00f1o libro, ir\u00e1s, sin que te lo proh\u00edba ni te acompa\u00f1e, a Roma, donde, \u00a1ay de m\u00ed!, no puede penetrar tu autor. Parte sin ornato, como conviene al hijo de un desterrado\u2026\u00bb, canta\u00a0<span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ovidio\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Ovidio<\/a><\/span>\u00a0en <em>Las tristes,<\/em> desde su exilio en el Ponto Euxino.<\/p><p>\u00abLos libreros nos rechazar\u00e1n. Las tropas de asalto de las SS romper\u00e1n los escaparates\u2026la palabra ha muerto, los hombres ladran como perros\u00bb, escribe\u00a0<span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Roth\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Joseph Roth<\/a><\/span> en una carta a\u00a0<span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stefan_Zweig\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Stefan Zweig<\/a><\/span> en octubre de 1933, con poder m\u00e1s que adivinatorio de la cat\u00e1strofe nazi que se acercaba, para cercar y cercenar vidas y hacer arder en hogueras las palabras.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00abLengua m\u00eda fiel, \/ te he servido. \/ [...] Has sido mi patria, porque me faltaba cualquier otra\u2026\u00bb, escrib\u00eda <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Czes\u0142aw Mi\u0142osz<\/a><\/span>, condenado a la inexistencia en Polonia, porque todos sus libros hab\u00edan sido prohibidos, y \u00e9l condenado al destierro.<\/p><p>Pero es imposible borrar las palabras. \u00abLa literatura es la \u00fanica forma de seguridad moral que tiene la sociedad\u2026aunque s\u00f3lo sea porque trata de principio a fin sobre la diversidad humana y esta es su raz\u00f3n de ser\u00bb, viene a recordarnos otro proscrito, <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Brodsky\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Joseph Brodsky<\/a><\/span>.<\/p><p>En <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/escritoras-latinoamericanas\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Am\u00e9rica Latina, que es mi patria<\/a><\/span>, y en Espa\u00f1a, que es asimismo mi patria, sus escritores han fraguado su vida alguna vez en el fuego del exilio, que ha moldeados sus soledades, y sus esperanzas, y ese vislumbre del regreso a la tierra perdida, no cesa en la memoria, ni cesa en la lengua, siempre despierta en la boca.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00abPa\u00eds de la memoria donde nac\u00ed\/ mor\u00ed\/ tuve sustancia\/huesitos que junt\u00e9 para encender\/tierra que me enterraba para siempre\u00bb, dice <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_Gelman\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Juan Gelman<\/a><\/span>, exiliado de su patria por otra dictadura, al fin y al cabo, cada qui\u00e9n ha tenido la suya, su pedazo de pan amargo en la lengua estragada.<\/p><p>Y desde aquel lado, de otro lado del vasto territorio de La Mancha oc\u00e9ano mediante, adonde tantos espa\u00f1oles fueron a hacer la Am\u00e9rica en su exilio,\u00a0<span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luis_Cernuda\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Luis Cernuda<\/a><\/span> escribe: \u00abSi yo soy espa\u00f1ol, lo soy\/A la manera de aquellos que no pueden\/ Ser otra cosa: y entre todas las cargas\/ Que, al nacer yo, el destino pusiera\/Sobre m\u00ed, ha sido \u00e9sa la m\u00e1s dura\u00bb.\u00a0<\/p><p>Si yo soy nicarag\u00fcense, lo soy a la manera de quien no puede ser otra cosa. <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/literatura\/sergio-ramirez-circulo-de-bellas-artes\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Nicarag\u00fcense de mi lengua, que es la lengua en boca de todos<\/a><\/span>, desde la que no hay exilio posible, porque la lengua me lleva a todas partes, me quita c\u00e1rceles y destierros, y me libera. La lengua que nadie puede quitarme de la que nadie puede desterrarme.<\/p><p>La lengua, que es mi 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class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><strong>OTROS\u00a0CONTENIDOS DE INTER\u00c9S:<\/strong><\/p><p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/irene-vallejo-viaje-al-interior-de-los-libros-y-como-nombrarloshttps:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/literatura\/sergio-ramirez-circulo-de-bellas-artes\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Sergio Ram\u00edrez: La literatura como oficio peligroso<\/a><\/span><\/p><p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/literatura\/La-campana-carlos-fuentes\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">La campa\u00f1a de Carlos Fuentes y las revoluciones latinoamericanas: la aventura contin\u00faa<\/a><\/span><\/p><p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/entrevistas\/caparros-por-villoro\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Caparr\u00f3s por Villoro: \u00abNo hablemos de \\\"alephes\\\"\u00bb o c\u00f3mo narrar la totalidad<\/a><\/span><\/p><p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/literatura\/mario-vargas-llosa-daniel-rondeau-ingreso-academia-francesa\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Mario Vargas Llosa por Daniel Rondeau: la literatura como forma de vida<\/a><\/span><\/p><p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/John-Dinges-Plan-Condor\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">El Plan C\u00f3ndor, un fantasma que recorre el mundo<\/a><\/span><\/p><p class=\\\"MsoNormal\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.penguinlibros.com\/es\/revista-lengua\/no-ficcion\/evo-morales-operacion-rescate-serrano-mansilla\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">El a\u00f1o que Evo Morales vivi\u00f3 en peligro<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\",\"section_style\":\"\",\"align\":\"\",\"align_tablet\":\"\",\"align_mobile\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"#1a1a1a\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"18\"},\"typography_font_size_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_size_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_font_family\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family_custom\":\"Fort-Book\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"\",\"typography_text_transform\":\"\",\"typography_font_style\":\"\",\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"27\"},\"typography_line_height_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_line_height_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"typography_letter_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_section_style\":\"\",\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"58\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_margin_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_animation\":\"\",\"animation_duration\":\"\",\"_css_classes\":\"\",\"_section_background\":\"\",\"_background_background\":\"\",\"_background_color\":\"\",\"_background_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_background_position\":\"\",\"_background_attachment\":\"\",\"_background_repeat\":\"\",\"_background_size\":\"\",\"_background_video_link\":\"\",\"_background_video_fallback\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\"},\"_border_border\":\"solid\",\"_border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"20\",\"bottom\":\"20\",\"left\":\"20\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"inset\":\"\",\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_section_responsive\":\"\",\"responsive_description\":\"\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\"},\"defaultEditSettings\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\",\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}}],\"editSettings\":{}},{\"id\":\"7fmehqa\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"isInner\":false,\"settings\":{\"section_layout\":\"\",\"stretch_section\":\"section-stretched\",\"layout\":\"full_width\",\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\"},\"gap\":\"default\",\"height\":\"default\",\"custom_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":400},\"column_position\":\"middle\",\"content_position\":\"\",\"structure\":\"10\",\"section_background\":\"\",\"background_background\":\"\",\"background_color\":\"\",\"background_color_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0},\"background_color_b\":\"\",\"background_color_b_stop\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100},\"background_gradient_type\":\"linear\",\"background_gradient_angle\":{\"unit\":\"deg\",\"size\":180},\"background_gradient_position\":\"center 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10 minutos

Por  Sergio Ramírez

Imagen tomada en junio de 1980, en un momento de cambios profundos en Nicaragua: tras el triunfo de la Revolución Sandinista el 19 de julio de 1979 se creó la Junta de Gobierno de Reconstrucción Nacional, la cual fue presidida por Daniel Ortega, con Sergio Ramírez como vicepresidente (su relación se deterioró con el paso de los años hasta el punto en que Ortega le retiró la nacionalidad en febrero de 2023). Esta fotografía registra una iniciativa pública para eliminar el analfabetismo en San Rafael, donde una niña de 12 años enseña a leer y escribir a otros niños y adolescentes frente a la casa de un campesino. Crédito: Getty Images.

Imagen tomada en junio de 1980, en un momento de cambios profundos en Nicaragua: tras el triunfo de la Revolución Sandinista el 19 de julio de 1979 se creó la Junta de Gobierno de Reconstrucción Nacional, la cual fue presidida por Daniel Ortega, con Sergio Ramírez como vicepresidente. Esta fotografía registra una iniciativa pública para eliminar el analfabetismo en San Rafael, donde una niña de 12 años enseña a leer y escribir a otros niños y adolescentes frente a la casa de un campesino. Crédito: Getty Images.

Cerca del lago Xolotlán en Nicaragua, pueden verse unas huellas que quedaron impresas en el lodo hace dos mil años. Pies de adultos y de niños, que atestiguan la huida de una erupción volcánica, ríos de lava, cielos encendidos, la tierra que se estremece. 

Desde entonces siempre hemos estado huyendo de algo, terremotos y huracanes, guerras civiles, y tiranos agarrados al poder, el primero Pedroarias Dávila, el Furor Domini, muerto a los 91 años, y quien se hacía cantar cada año una misa de difuntos, yacente en un catafalco en el altar mayor de la catedral de León, del que se levantaba para ordenar que perrearan a los indios insumisos; y quinientos años después, el tirano que es el mismo y es otro sigue envejeciendo en su cama y en su trono, y desvaría en sus mandamientos y arbitrariedades, dueño de vidas y haciendas sigue imponiendo el silencio, llena las cárceles, condena al destierro, un rostro superpuesto sobre el viejo rostro en la fantasmagoría de los siglos.   

Los letrados escribieron las constituciones y las leyes de los tiranos iletrados, y las repúblicas de papel encubrieron el aparato siniestro del despotismo que nunca fue ilustrado. Y las armas han cobrado siempre su precio a las letras que pugnan por la libertad, porque el oficio de escribir es libre por naturaleza, y el poder, cuando quiere ser absoluto, mal disimula su inquina contra la imaginación, que es libre, y es crítica del poder, y contradictoria, y rebelde a las servidumbres por naturaleza. 

Porque no tienen sentido del humor alguno, las tiranías castigan las burlas y ficciones de las novelas mandando prohibirlas, y quien las escribe debe pagar con el destierro, y enfrentar la pretensión de que te quieran quitar tu país, borrar tu fecha y lugar de nacimiento, tu memoria y tu pasado y tus palabras, porque, en el delirio de las arbitrariedades caprichosas que se adueñan de la cabeza de los tiranos, creen suya la facultad de hacerte desaparecer, como en uno de aquellos conjuros de la Camacha de Mantilla, la hechicera de El coloquio de los perros, que «congelaba las nubes cuando quería, cubriendo con ellas la faz del sol y, cuando se le antojaba, volvía sereno el más turbado cielo».

Un cuentista excepcional

Ese día cayó en domingo
  • ¡En oferta!
Sergio Ramírez

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EL REGRESO AL RELATO DEL PREMIO CERVANTES SERGIO RAMÍREZUNO DE LOS MEJORES LIBROS DE 2022 SEGÚN BABELIA «Uno de los mejores cuentistas en español, heredero de las armas de Cortázar y Monterroso».Javier Sancho Más, Babelia «Sergio Ramírez borda la desolación, el espanto y la insignificancia humana: [...] ningún relato es superfluo o de relleno. [...] Es...

Pero las palabras de los libros quedarán siempre allí, duras y luminosas, aceradas y punzantes, y siempre volverán a los ojos cada vez que abramos un libro que un día fue prohibido, para decirnos otra vez lo que los tiranos, desde sus sueños maléficos de grandeza y de poder, no quisieron oír, o quisieron prohibir.  

«Pequeño libro, irás, sin que te lo prohíba ni te acompañe, a Roma, donde, ¡ay de mí!, no puede penetrar tu autor. Parte sin ornato, como conviene al hijo de un desterrado…», canta Ovidio en Las tristes, desde su exilio en el Ponto Euxino.

«Los libreros nos rechazarán. Las tropas de asalto de las SS romperán los escaparates…la palabra ha muerto, los hombres ladran como perros», escribe Joseph Roth en una carta a Stefan Zweig en octubre de 1933, con poder más que adivinatorio de la catástrofe nazi que se acercaba, para cercar y cercenar vidas y hacer arder en hogueras las palabras. 

«Lengua mía fiel, / te he servido. / [...] Has sido mi patria, porque me faltaba cualquier otra…», escribía Czesław Miłosz, condenado a la inexistencia en Polonia, porque todos sus libros habían sido prohibidos, y él condenado al destierro.

Pero es imposible borrar las palabras. «La literatura es la única forma de seguridad moral que tiene la sociedad…aunque sólo sea porque trata de principio a fin sobre la diversidad humana y esta es su razón de ser», viene a recordarnos otro proscrito, Joseph Brodsky.

En América Latina, que es mi patria, y en España, que es asimismo mi patria, sus escritores han fraguado su vida alguna vez en el fuego del exilio, que ha moldeados sus soledades, y sus esperanzas, y ese vislumbre del regreso a la tierra perdida, no cesa en la memoria, ni cesa en la lengua, siempre despierta en la boca. 

«País de la memoria donde nací/ morí/ tuve sustancia/huesitos que junté para encender/tierra que me enterraba para siempre», dice Juan Gelman, exiliado de su patria por otra dictadura, al fin y al cabo, cada quién ha tenido la suya, su pedazo de pan amargo en la lengua estragada.

Y desde aquel lado, de otro lado del vasto territorio de La Mancha océano mediante, adonde tantos españoles fueron a hacer la América en su exilio, Luis Cernuda escribe: «Si yo soy español, lo soy/A la manera de aquellos que no pueden/ Ser otra cosa: y entre todas las cargas/ Que, al nacer yo, el destino pusiera/Sobre mí, ha sido ésa la más dura». 

Si yo soy nicaragüense, lo soy a la manera de quien no puede ser otra cosa. Nicaragüense de mi lengua, que es la lengua en boca de todos, desde la que no hay exilio posible, porque la lengua me lleva a todas partes, me quita cárceles y destierros, y me libera. La lengua que nadie puede quitarme de la que nadie puede desterrarme.

La lengua, que es mi patria.

OTROS CONTENIDOS DE INTERÉS:

Sergio Ramírez: La literatura como oficio peligroso

La campaña de Carlos Fuentes y las revoluciones latinoamericanas: la aventura continúa

Caparrós por Villoro: «No hablemos de "alephes"» o cómo narrar la totalidad

Mario Vargas Llosa por Daniel Rondeau: la literatura como forma de vida

El Plan Cóndor, un fantasma que recorre el mundo

El año que Evo Morales vivió en peligro

Obra (y gracia) de Sergio Ramírez

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